资源描述:
《Michael Otsuka Saving Lives, Moral Theory, and the Claims of Individuals》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、SavingLives,MoralTheory,andtheClaimsofIndividualsAuthor(s):MichaelOtsukaReviewedwork(s):Source:Philosophy&PublicAffairs,Vol.34,No.2(Spring,2006),pp.109-135Publishedby:WileyStableURL:http://www.jstor.org/stable/3557998.Accessed:31/01/201314:51YouruseoftheJSTORarc
2、hiveindicatesyouracceptanceoftheTerms&ConditionsofUse,availableat.http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp.JSTORisanot-for-profitservicethathelpsscholars,researchers,andstudentsdiscover,use,andbuilduponawiderangeofcontentinatrusteddigitalarchive.W
3、euseinformationtechnologyandtoolstoincreaseproductivityandfacilitatenewformsofscholarship.FormoreinformationaboutJSTOR,pleasecontactsupport@jstor.org..PrincetonUniversityPressandWileyarecollaboratingwithJSTORtodigitize,preserveandextendaccesstoPhilosophy&PublicA
4、ffairs.http://www.jstor.orgThiscontentdownloadedonThu,31Jan201314:51:50PMAllusesubjecttoJSTORTermsandConditionsMICHAELOTSUKASavingLives,MoralTheory,andtheClaimsofIndividualsHaveyouadutytosavethegreaterratherthanthelessernumberfromdeathwhenyoucannotsaveall?Mostmo
5、ralphilosopherswouldreplythatyoudo,atleastwhensodoingisoflittlecosttoyouand"allotherthingsareequal,"whichistosaythatdeathisequallybadforeach,andnoneoftheimperiledisfamilyorfriendasopposedtoastranger,andsoforth.Itis,however,surprisinglydifficulttoprovidesoundtheo
6、reti-calsupportforsuchaseeminglyuncontroversialduty.Thesedifficultieshighlightsomecontrastingproblemsforcompetingcontractualistandconsequentialistaccountsofmorality.Consequentialistmoraltheoriessuchasclassicalutilitarianismprovideastraightforwardaccountofwhyyous
7、houldsavethegreaternumberfromdeath:onlybysodoingwillyoumaximizetheaggregatesumofeveryone'swelfare.Yetsuchtheoriesnotoriouslygivethe"wronganswer"indifferentsortsofcasesinvolvinggreaterandlessernumbers.Classicalutilitarianism,forexample,apparentlycallsforthesaving
8、ofaverylargenumberofindividualsfromarelativelytrivialpainratherthanonepersonfromagonizing,excruciatingpain.Toblocksuchcounterintuitiveresultsthatflowfromtheaggregatio