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3、anipulatingMostmorphologicalandreproductivetraitsinmaize,particularlythoseofeconomicimportance,areclassi-quantitativetraitsinmaizefiedasmultigenicorquantitative.Eventraits,suchasdiseaseresistance,frequentlyconsideredtobemoreCHARLESW.STUBERsimplyinherited,mightb
4、e'semi-quantitative'inthattraitexpressionisgovernedbyseveralgenes(oftenaMaizehasbeenusedeffectivelyasamodelorganisminmajorgeneplusseveralmodifiers).thedevelopmentandevaluationofmolecularmarkersforHistorically,oneofthefirstquestionsinquanti-theidentification,map
5、pingandmanipulationofmajortativegeneticsaskedwhethertheinheritanceofthesegenesaffectingtheexpressionofquantitativetraitsincontinuouslydistributedtraitswasMendelian1.Itisplants.Althoughquantitativegeneticistshaverecognizedobviousthattheanswertothisquestionhashad
6、majorthepossibilityofmajorloci,thegeneraldogmahadimplicationsinthemappingandmanipulatingofquan-emergedthatquantitativetraitswerecontrolledbymanytitativetraitloci(QTLs).Severaleadyinvestigations2,3loci,eachwithasmalleffec~Thisinterpretationsentasupportedtherejec
7、tionofthe'blending'inheritancesignaltothemolecularbiologistnottobotherwithhypothesisandcontributedtotheconclusionthatquantitativeWaitsbecauseitwouldbeessentiallyMendelianprinciplesapplytoquantitativeaswellasimpossibletoisolateageneresponsibleforthetrait.toquali
8、tativetraits.Duringthe20thcentury,bothplantRecentresultsfromnumeroasmappingstudieshaveandanimalgeneticistshaveobtainedconvincingevi-shownthatquantitativetraitsarecontrolledb
