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1、IntuitionsandConceptualAnalysisThisisessentiallyacourseinphilosophicalmethodology.Whatweareinterestedin,aboveeverythingelse,isfindingoutwhichmethodsshouldbeusedtofindtheintensionofaparticularconcept,thatis,tofindwhichactualandpossiblethingssatisfythatconcept.Sincealargepartofwhatwedoin,say,
2、ethics,epistemology,metaphysics,philosophyofscienceandphilosophyoflanguageisconcernedwiththisquestion,whatwediscovershouldatleastpotentiallyberelevanttolargechunksofourphilosophicalpractice.Asillustrations:atleastpartofwhatwedoinethicsisdecidingwhich(possible)actionsorpersonsaregoodandwhich
3、arenot;atleastpartofwhatwedoinepistemologyisdecidingwhich(possible)agentsknowwhichpropositionsandwhichdonot;atleastpartofwhatwedoinmetaphysicsisdecidingwhich(possible)events(orwhatever)causeotherevents(orwhatever);atleastpartofwhatwedoin(Bayesian)philosophyofscienceisdecidingwhich(possible)
4、decisionsareprudent,andatleastpartofwhatwedoinphilosophyoflanguageisdecidingthemeaningofparticularterms.Inotherwords,weareinterestedtosomeextentinaconceptualanalysisofgoodness,knowledge,causation,prudentialdecisionandmeaning.Orifwearenotinterestedinconceptualanalysis,weareatleastinterestedi
5、nthekindsofquestionswhichwouldhavebeentraditionallydealtwithbyconceptualanalysis.Oneofthefunnythingsaboutthisgameisthat,despitethefactthatweonlyplaythegamebecausewedon’tknowtheanswers,inplayingweoftenassumethatwedoknowtheanswers,oratleastlargepartsofthem.Weassumethatweknowwhetherspecificage
6、ntsaregoodorevil,whetherotheragentsdoordon’tknowcertainpropositions,andsoon.Oftenalltheevidencewehaveforthiswillbeanintuitionthatitisthecase.Apossiblecasewhichappearstocauseproblemsforananalysisbecauseourintuitiveclassificationofitisinconsistentwiththeanalysiswillbecalledanintuitivecountere
7、xample,orjustacounterexample,forshort.Ifwetakecounterexamplesseriously,thenseveralinterestingquestionsimmediatelyarise.First,canwealwaystrusttheseintuitions?Ifnot,canwesaywhenwecanandcan’ttrustthem?Secondly,ifwecan’t,wheredoesthisleavetheprojectofuncover
