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1、634IEEETRANSACTIONSONBIOMEDICALENGINEERING,VOL.57,NO.3,MARCH2010AnOnlineSelf-TunableMethodtoDenoiseCGMSensorDataAndreaFacchinetti,GiovanniSparacino,andClaudioCobelli∗,Fellow,IEEEAbstractContinuousglucosemonitoring(CGM)devicescanbeveryusefulindiabetesmanagement.Unfor
2、tunately,theiruseinonlineapplications,e.g.,forhypo/hyperalertgeneration,ismadedifficultbyrandomnoisemeasurement.Remarkably,theSNRofCGMdatavarieswiththesensorandwiththeindividual.Asacon-sequence,approachesinwhichfilterparametersarenotallowedtoadapttothecurrentSNRarelik
3、elytobesuboptimal.Inthispa-per,wepresentanewonlinemethodologytoreducenoiseinCGMsignalsbyaKalmanfilter(KF),whoseunknownparametersareadjustedinagivenindividualbyastochasticallybasedsmoothingcriterionexploitingdataofaburn-ininterval.TheperformanceofthenewKFapproachisqua
4、ntitativelyassessedonMonteCarlosimulationsand24realCGMdatasets.Ourresultsarecomparedwiththoseobtainedbyamoving-average(MA)filteringapproachwithfixedparameterscurrentlyinuseinlikelyallcommercialCGMdevices.ResultsshowthatthenewKFapproachperformsmuchbetterthanMA.Forinsta
5、nce,onrealdata,forcomparablesignaldenoising,thedelayintroducedbyKFisabout35%lessthanthatobtainedbyMA.IndexTermsAlert,biomedicalsignalprocessing,diabetes,Kalmanfilter(KF),signaldenoising.I.INTRODUCTIONLUCOSEisthemostimportantfuelforhumanbeingsandGitslevelinthebloodist
6、ightlycontrolledbyinsulinbyaFig.1.TworepresentativeCGMtime-seriesmeasuredfor24h,at3-minsamplingrate,intwodiabeticsubjectsbyGlucoday.(Top)Low-SNRcondition.negativefeedbacksystem.Diabetesisachronicdiseasethataf-(Bottom)High-SNRcondition.fectsabout250millionpeopleinthe
7、world.Indiabeticpatients,thebodydoesnotsecreteinsulin(Type1diabetes)orderange-Inthepastfewyears,theachievementofamoreaccuratementsinbothinsulinsecretionandaction(Type2diabetes)controlseemspossibleduetothedevelopmentofcontinuousoccur.Diabetestherapyismainlybasedonins
8、ulin,diet,drugglucosemonitoring(CGM)devices[3][5].Thesedevicesal-administration,andphysicalexercise,tunedaccordingtoself-lowtomeasuregluco