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1、2664IEEETRANSACTIONSONBIOMEDICALENGINEERING,VOL.58,NO.9,SEPTEMBER2011OnlineDenoisingMethodtoHandleIntraindividualVariabilityofSignal-to-NoiseRatioinContinuousGlucoseMonitoringAndreaFacchinetti,GiovanniSparacino,andClaudioCobelli*,Fellow,IEEEAbstractInthelastdecade,theavai
2、labilityofnewminimallytions[5],[6].Real-timeapplicationscanbeevenmoreattractive.invasivesubcutaneoussensorsformonitoringglucoselevelcontin-Forinstance,CGMsignalsareakeycomponentoftheso-calleduouslystimulatedresearchonnewonlinestrategiesforimprovingartificialpancreas,adevic
3、econceivedforType1diabeticpa-thetreatmentofdiabetes,includinghyper/hypoglycemicalertgen-tientsaimedatmaintainingglucoseconcentrationwithinsafeeratorsandartificialpancreas.Animportantaspectthathastobedealtwithintheseapplicationsistherandommeasurementnoiserangesbyinfusingins
4、ulinsubcutaneouslyviaapumpunderthataffectscontinuousglucosemonitoring(CGM)signals.Onethecontrolofaclosed-loopalgorithm(see[7]and[8]fortwomajordifficultyisthatforagivensensortechnology,thesignal-to-recentreviews).AnotherimportantonlineapplicationofCGMnoiseratio(SNR)canvaryf
5、romsubjecttosubject(interindividualsensorsisthegenerationofalertswhenglucoseconcentrationvariability)andalsowithinsubject(intraindividualvariability).ispredictedtoexceedthenormalrangethresholds[9]–[15].Recently,adenoisingapproachimplementedthroughaKalmanfilterwithparameter
6、sautomaticallytuned,onceforall,inaburn-However,onlineapplicationsofCGMsensorsaremadedif-inintervalwasproposedtocopewiththeinterindividualvariabil-ficultbythefactthatbothaccuracyandprecisionofglucoseityofSNR.Inthispaper,weproposeanewdenoisingmethodreadingsareaffectedbythepr
7、esenceofdifferentsourcesofabletocopealsowiththeintraindividualvariabilityoftheSNR.error[15],[16],e.g.,relatedtodevicephysics,chemistry,andThemethodresortstoaBayesiansmoothingprocedurethatusesaelectronics.Asfarasaccuracyisconcerned,theliteratureisstatistically-basedcriteri
8、ontodetermine,andcontinuouslyupdate,filterparametersinrealtime.Theperformanceofthemethodisratherl
