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1、AnExperimentalStudyofRoutingandDataAggregationinSensorNetworksOssamaYounisSoniaFahmyDepartmentofElectrical&ComputerEngineeringDepartmentofComputerScienceUniversityofArizona,Tucson,AZ85721,USAPurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN47907,USAE-mail:younis@ece.arizona.eduE-mail:fahmy@cs.purdue.edu
2、Abstract—Severalsensornetworkapplications,suchasenvi-drivenapplications,wherenodesperiodicallysendreportstoronmentalmonitoring,requiredataaggregationtoanobserver.afixedobserver.(WediscussthecaseofmobileobserversForthispurpose,adataaggregationtree,rootedattheobserver,in[5]).Inparticular,we
3、consideranapplicationthatusesaisconstructedinthenetwork.Nodeclusteringcanbeemployeddataaggregationoperator,suchasaverage(AVG),maximumtofurtherbalanceloadamongsensornodesandprolongthenetworklifetime.Inthispaper,wedesignandimplementa(MAX),sum(SUM),orcount(COUNT).Priortoconstructingsystem,i
4、HEED,inwhichnodeclusteringisintegratedwithmulti-theroutingtree,thenetworkisclusteredtoidentifyasetofhoproutingforTinyOS.Weconsidersimpledataaggregationclusterheadsthathavehigheraverageresidualenergythanoperators,suchasAVGorMAX.Weuseasimpleenergytheirpeers.Onlyclusterheadsproceedtodiscove
5、rthepathtoconsumptionmodeltokeeptrackofthebatteryconsumptionoftherootofthetree(theobserver)byconstructingabreadth-clusterheadsandregularnodes.Weperformexperimentsonasensornetworktestbedtoquantifytheadvantagesofintegratingfirstspanningtree.hierarchicalroutingwithdataaggregation.Ourresultsi
6、ndicateConstructingaspanningtreefordataforwardingwaspro-thatthenetworklifetimeisprolongedbyafactorof2to4,andposedformulti-hoproutinginTinyOS[6],[7].Weintegratesuccessfultransmissionsarealmostdoubled.ClusteringplaysaHEEDclustering[2]withdataaggregationintheMulti-dominantroleindelayingthefi
7、rstnodedeath,whileaggregationHopRouter[8]toimplementintegratedHEED(iHEED)inplaysadominantroleindelayingthelastnodedeath.TinyOS.WeselecttheHEEDclusteringprotocolbecauseI.INTRODUCTIONitterminatesinaconstantnumberofiterations,andelectsSeveralsensornetworkapplicationsrequirea
