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1、Hale,Dorothy/TheNovelFinalProof10.8.20053:34ampage462TheRiseoftheNovel22IanWattIanWatt(1917–1999)BorninWindermere,intheLakeDistrictofEngland,IanWattearnedfirst-classhonorsintheEnglishtriposfromSt.John’sCollege,Cambridge,in1948.Hiseduca-tionwasinterruptedbyhis
2、WorldWarIImilitaryservice(1939–46),whichincludedthreeyearsasaprisonerofwarinthelaborcampsontheRiverKwai–duringwhichtimehereadShakespeare,Dante,andSwift.WatttaughtatSt.John’sCollege(1948–52)andtheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley(1952–62),andservedtwoyearsasDean
3、oftheSchoolofEnglishatthenewlyfoundedUniversityofEastAngliainNorwich;in1964hejoinedStanfordUniversity,whereheremainedthroughouttherestofhiscareer.AtStanford,WattwasnamedJacksonEliReynoldsProfessorofEnglish,servedasdepartmentchair(1968–71),andwasthefoundingdir
4、ectoroftheStanfordHumanitiesCenter(1980–5).HishonorsincludemembershipoftheAmeri-canAcademyofArtsandSciences,CommonwealthFellowships,andaGuggenheimFellowship.InadditiontoTheRiseoftheNovel(1957),WattalsowroteConradintheNineteenthCentury(1980)andMythsofModernInd
5、ividualism(1996).FromTheRiseoftheNovel:StudiesinDefoe,RichardsonandFielding.Berkeley:UniversityofCaliforniaPress,1957,fromch.1,pp.934.Copyrightß1957,renewed1985,bytheUniversityofCaliforniaPress.ReprintedbypermissionoftheRegentsoftheUniversityofCaliforniaandth
6、eUniversityofCaliforniaPress.Hale,Dorothy/TheNovelFinalProof10.8.20053:34ampage463RealismandtheNovelFormTherearestillnowhollysatisfactoryanswerstomanyofthegeneralquestionswhichanyoneinterestedintheearlyeighteenth-centurynovelistsandtheirworksislikelytoask:Ist
7、henovelanewliteraryform?Andifweassume,asiscommonlydone,thatitis,andthatitwasbegunbyDefoe,RichardsonandFielding,howdoesitdifferfromtheprosefictionofthepast,fromthatofGreece,forexample,orthatoftheMiddleAges,orofseventeenth-centuryFrance?Andisthereanyreasonwhyth
8、esedifferencesappearedwhenandwheretheydid?Suchlargequestionsarenevereasytoapproach,muchlesstoanswer,andtheyareparticularlydifficultinthiscasebecauseDefoe,RichardsonandFieldingdonotintheus
