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1、TheRiseof“TheRest”:ChallengestotheWestfromLate-IndustrializingEconomiesALICEH.AMSDENOXFORDUNIVERSITYPRESSTheRiseof‘‘TheRest’’ThispageintentionallyleftblankTHERISEOF‘‘THEREST’’ChallengestotheWestfromLate-IndustrializingEconomiesALICEH.AMSDEN13OxfordNewYorkAuckl
2、andBangkokBuenosAiresCapeTownChennaiDaresSalaamDelhiHongKongIstanbulKarachiKolkataKualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityMumbaiNairobiSa˜oPauloShanghaiTaipeiTokyoTorontoCopyright2001byOxfordUniversityPressFirstissuedasanOxfordUniversityPresspaperback,2004Publish
3、edbyOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10016OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,p
4、hotocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorpermissionofOxfordUniversityPress.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataAmsden,AliceH.(AliceHoffenberg)Theriseof‘‘therest’’:challengestothewestfromlate-industrializingeconomies/AliceH.Amsden.p.cm.Include
5、sbibliographicalreferences.ISBN0-19-513969-0;0-19-517059-8(pbk)1.Industrialization—Developingcountries—History.2.Competition,International.I.Title.HC59.7.A77842000338.9'009172'4—dc2100-039947987654321PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaperPrefaceMark
6、etbehaviorispremisedontheideaof“scarcity”—itistheessenceofvalue.Itis,therefore,curiousthatleadingtheoriesofeconomicdevelopmenttreatknowledgeasafreegood.Inthetheorythatunderpinspolicyprescrip-tionsforfreetrade,knowledgefallslikemannafromheaven.Inthe“new”growtht
7、heoriesofthe1980s,knowledgeinagivencountryisthequintes-sential“public”goodwhoseusebyoneindividualorfirmdoesnotdiminishitsavailabilitytoothers.Yetknowledgeispossiblythemostpreciousofallassets.Theknowledgeneededtocompeteinworldmarkets,asdistinctfromfactualinforma
8、tion,comprisesuniqueskills,suigeneriscapabilities,novelproductconceptsandidiosyncraticproductionsystems.Becauseknowledgeisproprietaryandfirm-specific,itisanythingbutuniversallyavaila
