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1、PuttingscienceattheheartofdevelopmentHome>PracticalGuidesPRACTICALGUIDESHowdoIwriteascientificpaper?6February2008
2、ENSciDev.NetTipsonhowtopresenttheresultsofastudy,andgiveitthebestchanceofpublication.AdaptedwithpermissionfromatextdevelopedbytheAppliedEcologyResearchGroupattheUniversityofCanb
3、erraAustralia,andpreparedwiththeaidof'HowtoWriteandPublishaScientificPaper'byRobertDay(ISIPress,Philadelphia,1979).Ascientificpaperisawrittenreportdescribingoriginalresearchresultswhoseformathasbeendefinedbycenturiesofdevelopingtradition,editorialpractice,scientificethicsandtheinterplaywith
4、printingandpublishingservices.Theresultofthisprocessisthatvirtuallyeveryscientificpaperhasatitle,abstract,introduction,materialsandmethods,resultsanddiscussion.Itshould,however,benotedthatmostpublicationshaverulesaboutapaper'sformat:somedividepapersintotheseorsomeofthesesections,othersdonot
5、,andtheordermaybedifferentindifferentpublications.Sobepreparedtoreviseyourpaperintoapublication'sformatwhenyouarereadytosubmit.Onegeneralpointtorememberistheneedtoavoidjargonandacronymsasmuchaspossible.Asecondisthefactthatsomejournalslikepaperstobewrittenintheactivevoice-i.e."wecarriedoutat
6、estto..."ratherthan"testwascarriedoutto..."—butthatthisisnotalwaysthecase.TitleAtitleshouldbethefewestpossiblewordsthataccuratelydescribethecontentofthepaper.Omitallwastewordssuchas"Astudyof...","Investigationsof...","Observationson...",etc.Indexingandabstractingservicesdependontheaccuracyo
7、fthetitle,extractingfromitkeywordsusefulincross-referencingandcomputersearching.Animproperlytitledpapermayneverreachtheaudienceforwhichitwasintended,sobespecific.Ifthestudyisofaparticularspeciesorchemical,nameitinthetitle.Ifthestudyhasbeenlimitedtoaparticularregionorsystem,andtheinferencesi
8、tcontainsaresimilarlylimited,thennametheregionorsysteminthetitle.KeywordlistThekeywordlistprovidestheopportunitytoaddkeywords,usedbytheindexingandabstractingservices,inadditiontothosealreadypresentinthetitle.Judicioususeofkeywordsmayincreasetheeasewithwh
