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1、InSearchofHomoEconomicus:BehavioralExperimentsin15Small-ScaleSocietiesByJOSEPHHENRICH,ROBERTBOYD,SAMUELBOWLES,COLINCAMERER,ERNSTFEHR,HERBERTGINTIS,ANDRICHARDMCELREATH*Recentinvestigationshaveuncoveredlarge,mentsshapebehavior?Ifthelatter,whicheco-consi
2、stentdeviationsfromthepredictionsofthenomicandsocialconditionsareinvolved?IstextbookrepresentationofHomoeconomicusreciprocalbehaviorbetterexplainedstatistically(AlvinE.Rothetal.,1991;ErnstFehrandbyindividuals’attributessuchastheirsex,age,SimonGa¨chter
3、,2000;ColinCamerer,2001).orrelativewealth,orbytheattributesoftheOneproblemappearstolieineconomists’ca-grouptowhichtheindividualsbelong?Arenonicalassumptionthatindividualsareentirelythereculturesthatapproximatethecanonicalself-interested:inadditiontoth
4、eirownmaterialaccountofself-regardingbehavior?payoffs,manyexperimentalsubjectsappeartoExistingresearchcannotanswersuchques-careaboutfairnessandreciprocity,arewillingtionsbecausevirtuallyallsubjectshavebeentochangethedistributionofmaterialoutcomesunive
5、rsitystudents,andwhilethereareculturalatpersonalcost,andarewillingtorewardthosedifferencesamongstudentpopulationsthrough-whoactinacooperativemannerwhilepunish-outtheworld,thesedifferencesaresmallcom-ingthosewhodonotevenwhentheseactionsparedtotherangeo
6、fallsocialandculturalarecostlytotheindividual.Thesedeviationsenvironments.Toaddresstheabovequestions,fromwhatwewilltermthecanonicalmodelweandourcollaboratorsundertookalargehaveimportantconsequencesforawiderangecross-culturalstudyofbehaviorinultimatum,
7、ofeconomicphenomena,includingtheoptimalpublicgood,anddictatorgames.Twelveexpe-designofinstitutionsandcontracts,thealloca-riencedfieldresearchers,workingin12coun-tionofpropertyrights,theconditionsforsuc-triesonfivecontinents,recruitedsubjectsfromcessfulc
8、ollectiveaction,theanalysisof15small-scalesocietiesexhibitingawidevari-incompletecontracts,andthepersistenceofetyofeconomicandculturalconditions.Ournoncompetitivewagepremia.sampleconsistsofthreeforagingsocieties,sixFundamentalquestionsremainun
