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1、2502015,Vol.36,No.03食品科学※专题论述黄曲霉毒素的生物合成、代谢和毒性研究进展111222罗自生,秦雨,徐艳群,徐庭巧,魏云潇,何良兴(1.浙江大学食品科学与营养系,浙江杭州310058;2.杭州市余杭区农产品监测中心,浙江杭州311199)摘要:食品中黄曲霉毒素污染是最近关注的热点,这些毒素侵染农产品会带来很大经济损失。黄曲霉毒素有非常高的肝毒性、肝致肿瘤性、致畸和致突变性,可在采前、采中和采后的各种环境下侵染多种重要农产品,例如花生、玉米、水稻和棉籽。自然界中黄曲霉毒素的产生取决于多种因素,例如碳、氮、温度、水分活度、pH值、发育阶段、氧化胁迫、植物代谢产物。黄曲
2、霉毒素可引起多种疾病,但是可以通过阻断和干扰吸收及干扰代谢酶来调节体内的黄曲霉毒素。本文概述黄曲霉毒素的生物合成、侵染、运输、代谢和毒性。研究它的生物合成、毒性机制、结构与功能关系和代谢运输途径,为制定有效控制黄曲霉毒素的措施提供更加深入的见解。关键词:黄曲霉毒素;生物合成;侵染;毒性;突变RecentProgressintheBiosynthesis,MetabolismandToxicityofAflatoxins111222LUOZisheng,QINYu,XUYanqun,XUTingqiao,WEIYunxiao,HELiangxing(1.DepartmentofFoodSc
3、ienceandNutrition,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310058,China;2.HangzhouYuhangDistrictAgriculturalMonitoringCentre,Hangzhou311199,China)Abstract:Foodcontaminationwithaflatoxinsisthefocusofcurrentconcern.Theintermittentincidenceofthesetoxinsinagriculturalcommoditieshasnegativeeffectsontheeconomyofthea
4、ffectedregionswhereharvestandpostharvesttechniquesforthepreventionofmoldgrowthareseldompracticed.Aflatoxinsarehighlyhepatotoxic,hepatocarcinogenic,teratogenic,andmutagenicinnatureandtheycontaminateawidevarietyofimportantagriculturalcommodities,suchaspeanuts,maize,riceandcottonseed,before,duringan
5、dafterharvestinvariousenvironmentalconditions/settings.Thebiosynthesisofaflatoxinsinnaturedependsuponthevariousfactorssuchascarbon,nitrogen,temperature,wateractivity,pH,developmentalstages,oxidativestress,andplantmetabolites.Thesetoxinscancauseseveralailmentsandcanbecontrolledbyblockingandinterfe
6、ringwiththeabsorptionanddisturbingthemetabolicenzymes.Thepresentarticleoverviewsthebiosynthesis,infection,transport,metabolismandtoxicityofaflatoxins.Detailedstudiesontheirbiosynthesis,mechanismoftoxicity,structure-functionrelationship,metabolismandtransportwillprovidedeepinsightintothetechnology
7、involvedinthedevelopmentofaneffectivecontrolmeasuresforaflatoxins.Keywords:aflatoxins;biosynthesis;infection;toxicity;mutation中图分类号:TS201.6文献标志码:A文章编号:1002-6630(2015)03-0250-08doi:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201503048黄曲霉毒素(a