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1、Digraphia:astrategyforChinesecharacters1forthetwenty-firstcentury2SUPEICHENGAbstractThispaper®rstoutlinestheevolutionofphoneticallybasedannotationsystemsforChineseaswellasthehistoryofpoliciesofmonographiaanddigraphiainChinasince1892.Section2outlinesthenatureofChinesecharacters,whilesection3present
2、sahistoryandassessmentofthelastonehundredyearsofdebateontheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofChinesecharacters.Section4describesthehistoryandevolutionofthenowstandardHanyuPinyinChinesePhoneticAlphabet,especiallyinthelightofrecenttechnologicaldevelopments.Section5presentsourconclusionthatsomeformofdigrap
3、hiabetweenChinesecharactersandHanyuPinyinromanizationis``imperative''forChina'ssuccessinthetwenty-®rstcentury.ThechallengefacingancientChinesecharactersInoldChina,ChinesecharactersweretheonlywritingsystemforrecordingtheChineselanguage,whichinpracticeamountedtoasystemofmonographia.Afterthe®rstSino-
4、Japanesewarof1894±1895,Chinawasindangerofdismemberment,andsavingthecountrybecameamatteroftoppriority.Manyforward-lookingpeoplerealizedthattheChineselanguagewasbackward,ahindrancetosocialdevelopmentingreatneedofreform,andthattheChinesecharacterswerethe®rstthingthatshouldbereformed.In1892thelateQing
5、dynastywriterLuZhuangzhangsaid,``Chinesecharactersareperhapsthemostdicultpresent-daywritingsystem''(LuZhuangzhang1958:2).In1908LaoNaixuanwrote,``IfwewanttosaveChinatoday,wemustpopularizeeducation,andtopopularizeeducationwemusthaveeasilylearnedcharacters.Tohavesuchcharacters,wemusthavea[phonetic]sp
6、ellingsystem''(LaoNaixuan1958:80).Fromthiskindofrealization,manyChineselanguagereformersbegantodevelopphoneticwritingsystems0165±2516/01/0150±0109Int'l.J.Soc.Lang.150(2001),pp.109±124#WalterdeGruyter110SuPeichengforChinese,amovementthatlastedformorethantwentyyears,untilaftertheestablishmentoftheRe
7、publicofChinain1911.Althoughtheselanguagereformersdidadvocatephoneticallybasedspelling,theydidnotadvocateabandoningChinesecharacters.Rathertheyadvocatedusingboth,thatisdigraphiabetweenphoneticspellingandChinesech
