CFD History and Application

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1、KhalilCFDLettersVol.4(2)2012CFDHistoryandApplicationsCEssamE.KhalilProfessorofMechanicalEngineering,FacultyofEngineeringCairoUniversity,EGYPTCFDtechniquesweredevelopedovertheyearswiththehardwayoftrialanderror,refineandmanyvalidationandassessmentprocedures.Intheearly1973theCFDgroupatImpe

2、rialCollegeembarkedonanambitiousandattractiveprogramtopredictsimpleshearflows,freeandconfinedjetflows.Theworkwasveryintuitiveandwithmodestattemptstopredictflowpatternwithtwoandthenthreedimensionalflowconfigurations.Thesemainlyrelatetosimpleparabolicflowwithnorecirculationandusingstreamf

3、unction–vorticitysolutionalgorithm,henceyieldingsomenon-measurableflowcharacteristicsthatmadetheapplicationratheruncomfortabletocomparetorealengineeringproblems.LaterthatyearthenewlyproposedSIMPLESemiImplicitsolutionalgorithmpartiallypavedthewaywithprimitivevariablesvelocityUandPressure

4、Pasmainparameters.ThisenablesthesolutionoftheNavierStokesMomentumEquationsinastraightforwardmanner.Gridsizedstartedby20x20andupto10000orthogonalnodestoconvergein1000iterationsforsimpleconfinedsymmetricalpipeflow.Necessarily,amodeltorepresenttheturbulentcharacteristicsoftheflowathighReyn

5、oldsnumberswasdevelopedbyLaunderandSpaldingin1974.ThatwasthebirthofwhatiscommonlyknowntodayastheStandardk-εturbulencemodel;alsoknownastwoequationturbulencemodel.Oneshouldbearinmindthatthismodelwasoriginatedbasedonconstantsderivedfromsimpleshearflowmeasurements.However,theapplicationofth

6、is1stgenerationeddyviscositymodelisnowextrapolatedtoswirling,reactingcomplexgeometrieswithstrongturbulencechemistryinteractions.Thesuccessstoryofthatmodelencouragedeveryonearoundtheworldtotestvalidatesthatmodel.Amongothers,Gosman,KhalilandWhitelawin1977hadpublishedanarticlewithsystemati

7、cvalidationofk-εmodelinavarietyofapplicationswithandwithoutswirl.Khalil,SpaldingandWhitelawin1975publishedtheirvalidationofthatturbulencemodeinaturbulentreactingfurnaceconfigurationwithandwithoutswirl.InEarly1986Prof.D.B.SpaldinggaveagenerallecturepresentationonComputationalflu