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1、ReviewofPalaeobotanyandPalynology,73(1992):259-270259ElsevierSciencePublishersB.V.,AmsterdamArchaeobotanicaldataonmillets(PanicummiliaceumandSetariaitalica)inFrancePhilippeMarinvalLaboratoiredePal~obotanique,Musbedel'HommeParis,U.A.275duCNRS,Paris,France(RevisedandacceptedFebruary25,1992)A
2、BSTRACTMarinval,P.,1992.Archaeobotanicaldataonmillets(PanicurnrniliaceumandSetariaitalica)inFrance.In:J.P.Pals,J.BuurmanandM.vanderVeen(Editors),FestschriftforProfessorvanZeist.Rev.Palaeobot.Palynol.,73:259-270.Prehistoric,earlyhistoricandmedievalrecordsofPanicummiliaceumandSetariaitalicaf
3、romFrancearediscussedinthecontextoftheMediterraneanareaandWesternEurope.Introductiongreatresistancetodrought.PanicummiliaceumislessexactingaboutthequalityofthesoilthanBroomcornorcommonmillet(Panicummilia-Setariaitalica,andcansurviveincoolerclimates.ceum)andItalianorfoxtailmillet(Setariaita
4、lica)Thisallowsitscultureinmorenorthernzones.belongtothePaniceae,atribeoftheGramineae,Thegrainsofbothspeciesarebread-stuffsandwhichincludesagroupofcerealswithsmallgrainscontainrelativelygreatquantitiesofproteinsand(around2mminlength)andwithashortlifevitamins.Thediffusionofthesetwospeciesin
5、cycle.Bothcropshaveahistoryofancientcultiva-Eurasiaisrelativelypoorlyknown,especiallyintioninEurope,buttheyhavenotsurvivedonawesternEuropeandintheMediterraneanregion.largescale.NowadaysP.miliaceumisimportantFrancefrequentlyappearsasablankareaonmainlyineasternandsouthernAsia,whileS.distribu
6、tionmapsofarchaeobotanicaldiscoveriesitalicaisasignificantcropinpartsofsoutheastern(forexamplethemappublishedbyvanZeist,1980,Europe,northAfricaandAsia(Smith,1979).Thefig.5).Asthiscountrylinkscentralandnorthernidentificationcriteriaofthecaryopsesofcarbon-EuropetotheAtlanticfaqadeandalsototh
7、eizedmilletsfoundinarchaeologicalcontexthaveMediterraneanworld,itseemsjustifiabletodrawbeenstatedbyNetolitzky(1914)andKn6rzerattentiontoanumberofhithertounpublished(1971).Thephylogeneticoriginsofthetwospeciesarchaeologicalmilletfinds.Thesefindswillbehavebeenth
