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1、NationalInstituteofEasternLanguagesandCivilization,FranceInstituteforPublicPolicy,RepublicofMoldovaVirginiaStateUniversity,U.S.A.RomanianRevolution:20yearslater.Moldova:QuoVadis?ThornypathtowardDemocracyCeslavCiobanu,VirginiaStateUniversity,USAEminentScholar,ProfessorPhD,Amb
2、assador(ret.)Paris,December4,200927(1.)TheoverallviewofCeausescu’sRomaniaasseenfromyoursandyourfriendsattheStaraiaPloshchad’.AttitudesamongyouandyourcolleaguestowardCeausescuandhisgovernment.TheMoscow’sStaraiaPloschad’(OldSquare)formanyyearswastheresidenceofthemostpowerfulpe
3、rsonintheSovietUnion–theGeneralSecretaryoftheCommunistParty.Thesaying“WhenMoscowsneezes,EasternEuropecatchesacold”isrelatedtothisplace.ForseveralyearsitwasMikhailGorbachev’sresidence,aswellastheofficeofmycolleaguesandIintheForeignAffairsDepartment.HowhadCeausescu’sRomaniabee
4、nseenfromthissquareduringthattime?Ithink,itwasamixedpicture:deepsympathyforRomanianpeople,reducedtobeggarsinCeausescu’s“goldenépoque”,curiosityforwhattrickwillCeausescuplaynext,anddisgustabouttheRomanianpalatialpressthatidolizedthe“belovedconducator”(ruler).Iwouldliketomenti
5、onafewkeypoints,basedonmyownexperienceandmemories.FormorethantwodecadesCeausescuhadbeenL’Enfantterrible,an“incorrigibledissident”ofcommunism,beingdefactomoreorthodoxanddevotedtothecommunistcausethanalotofhisforeigncolleagues,suppressingaggressivelyanymanifestationofindepende
6、nceinhisowncountry,especiallyofopposition.HehadalwaysbeenseenbyKremlinasatroublemakerwithhis“special”,“separate”,“different”position,sometimesradicallyopposedtothatofMoscow.In1967,forexample,heinitiateddiplomaticrelationswiththeFederalRepublicofGermanyandrefusedtobreakthosew
7、ithIsraelinspiteofthesocalled“coordinatedapproach”oftheSovietandotherWarsawTreatyleaders.In1968henotonlyrefusedtojointheSoviet-ledinvasionofCzechoslovakia,butspectacularlycondemnedit.Thisunquestionablywastheapotheosisofhispoliticalcareerandofthepopularityofhiscommunistregime
8、,asobservedAndrewJanos,ProfessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,BerkleyJanos,An
