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1、DamageMechanismsAffectingFixedEquipmentintheRefiningIndustry5-95_____________________________________________________________________________________________Table5-4–KeytoDamageMechanismsDM#DamageMechanismDM#DamageMechanism1Sulfidation34Softening(Spheroidization
2、)WetH2SDamage235ReheatCracking(Blistering/HIC/SOHIC/SSC)3Creep/StressRupture36SulfuricAcidCorrosion4HightempH2/H2SCorrosion37HydrofluoricAcidCorrosion5PolythionicAcidCracking38FlueGasDewPointCorrosion6NaphthenicAcidCorrosion39DissimilarMetalWeld(DMW)Cracking--`,
3、`,``,```,,`,,,`,,`,``,,`````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---7AmmoniumBisulfideCorrosion40HydrogenStressCrackinginHF8AmmoniumChlorideCorrosion41Dealloying(Dezincification/Denickelification)9HClCorrosion42CO2Corrosion10HighTemperatureHydrogenAttack43CorrosionFatigue11Oxidation4
4、4FuelAshCorrosion12ThermalFatigue45AmineCorrosion13SourWaterCorrosion(acidic)46CorrosionUnderInsulation(CUI)14RefractoryDegradation47AtmosphericCorrosion15Graphitization48AmmoniaStressCorrosionCracking16TemperEmbrittlement49CoolingWaterCorrosion17Decarburization
5、50BoilerWater/CondensateCorrosion18CausticCracking51MicrobiologicallyInducedCorrosion(MIC)19CausticCorrosion52LiquidMetalEmbrittlement20Erosion/Erosion-Corrosion53GalvanicCorrosion21CarbonateSCC54MechanicalFatigue22AmineCracking55Nitriding23ChlorideStressCorrosi
6、onCracking56Vibration-InducedFatigue24Carburization57TitaniumHydriding25HydrogenEmbrittlement58SoilCorrosion26SteamBlanketing59MetalDusting27ThermalShock60StrainAging28Cavitation61SulfateStressCorrosionCracking29GraphiticCorrosion(seeDealloying)62PhosphoricAcidC
7、orrosion30ShorttermOverheating–StressRupture63Phenol(carbolicacid)Corrosion31BrittleFracture64EthanolStressCorrosionCracking32SigmaPhase/ChiEmbrittlement65Oxygen-EnhancedIgnitionandCombustionooOrganicAcidCorrosionOfDistillationTower33885F(475C)Embrittlement66Ove
8、rheadSystemsCopyrightAmericanPetroleumInstituteProvidedbyIHSunderlicensewithAPILicensee=LyondellChemicalCo/5927601001Noreproductionornetworkingpermittedwithoutlicense
