A Dynamic Model of Process and product innovation

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1、OMEGA,TheInt.J1ofMgmtSci.,VoI.3,No.6,1975.PergamonPress.PrintedinGreatBritainADynamicModelofProcessandProductInnovationJAMESMUTTERBACKMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyCenterforPolicyAlternativesWILLIAMJABERNATHYHarvardUniversityGraduateSchoolofBusinessAdministratio

2、n(ReceivedDecember1974;inrevisedform3,lay1975)Thisarticlereportsresultsfromempiricaltestsofrelationshipsbetweenthepatternofinnovationwithinafirmandcertainofthefirm'scharacteristics:thestageofdevelopmentofitsproductionprocessanditschosenbasisofcompetition.Thehypothes

3、izedrelationshipsposedforthepresentinvestigationareasynthesisofpriorresearchbythepresentauthorsontwodistinctbutcomplementaryconceptualmodelsofinnovation,concerningrespectively:therelationshipbetweencompetitivestrategyandinnovation,andtherelationshipbetweenproduction

4、processcharacter-isticsandinnovation.TheempiricalinvestigationiscarriedoutwithdataavailablefromtheMyersandMarquisstudyofsuccessfultechnologicalinnovationinfivedifferentindustrysegments.Theessentialaspectsofthehypothesizedrelationshipsarethatthecharacteristicsofthein

5、novativeprocesswillsystematicallycorrespondwiththestageofdevelop-mentexhibitedbythefirm'sproductionprocesstechnologyandwithitsstrategyforcompetitionandgrowth.Asamorespecificexampletheserelationshipspredictthattherewillbecoherentpatternsinthestimuliforinnovation(mark

6、et,productionornewtechnology);inthetypesofinnovation(productorprocess,originaloradopted,etc.)andinbarrierstoinnovation.Thepresentlyreportedstatisticalevidenceisdecidedlyfavorabletothehypo-thesizedrelationships,eventhoughtheadaptationsneededtoimplementtestswithexisti

7、ngdataintroducedependenciesthatlimitconclusionswhichwouldotherwisebewarranted.Thebroadimplicationisthatstrongandimportantrelationshipsexistamongthecapabilityofafirmtoinnovate,itscompetitivestrategyandthepostureofitsproductionresources.MOSTstudiesofnewproductandproce

8、sstechnologytodatehavebeendescriptiveandhaveattemptedtoidentifyconsistentpatternsinthesourcesofideasandproblemsolutionsused,communicationp