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1、byChristopherLaughman,KwangdukLee,RobertCox,StevenShaw,StevenLeeb,LesNorford,andPeterArmstrong©DIGITALVISIONTHEBOOMINCOMMUNICATIONSRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTHASMADEHIGHLYsophisticatedmeansforgathering,moving,andexchanginginformationpartofeverydaylife.Exam-plesincludetheInternet,Bl
2、uetooth,andIEEE802.11bnetworks,cellular,andsatellitecommunica-tions.However,theprocessofgatheringandanalyzingthedatatosendoverthisexpandingwebofinformationnetworksremainsexpensiveformanyapplications.Abuildingfacilitiesmanagermaybeabletoconfigureacellularphonetomonitortheenergy
3、usageandoperatingscheduleofanHVACplant,buttheusefulnessoftheinformationtransmittedwillgenerallybedirectlyproportionaltotheTcomplexityandsizeoftheinstalledsensorarray.Thisdifferencebetweeninformationgatheringandinformationnetworkingservestoreempha-sizeanestablishedfact:thoughre
4、moteaccesstoinformationandcontrolinputsmaybeobtainedeasilyandinexpensivelyvianetworking,accessdoesnotprovideusefulinformationwithoutinstal-lationofapotentiallyexpensiveandintrusivesensorarray.Massproductionmayultimatelyreducesensorcost,especiallyforsolid-stateortechnologically
5、advancedmicroelectromechanicalsystem(MEMS)sensors.Installationexpensesarelikelytoremainhigh,especiallyfortemporarymoni-toringapplicationsinwhichdataisgatheredforabriefwindowoftimewitharemovablesensornetwork.Inaddition,thereliabilityofamonitoringsystemwithmanysensorsmaybereduce
6、dincomparisontoasystemwithrelativelyfewersensors.56IEEEpower&energymagazine1540-7977/03/$17.00©2003IEEEmarch/april2003Nonintrusiveloadmonitoring(NILM)candeterminetheThisprocessofdetectingsteady-statechangesprovidestheoperatingscheduleofelectricalloadsinatargetsystemfrombasisfo
7、racommercialversionofthisearlywork,asdescribedmeasurementsmadeatacentralizedlocation,suchastheelec-ina1999articleinIEEEComputerApplicationsinPower.tricutilityserviceentry.Incontrasttoothersystems,NILMThearticledescribesafive-stepprocessforloaddisaggrega-reducessensorcostsbyusi
8、ngrelativelyfewsensors.NILMtionthroughthedetectionofchangesin
