[文学]新古典主义时期

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1、NeoclassicalPeriod(1688-1798)HistoricalbackgroundMajorwritersLiteraturetermsTheNeoclassicalPeriod----theperiodinEnglishliteraturebetweenthereturnofStuartstotheEnglishthronein1660andthefullassertionofRomanticismwhichcamewiththepublicationofLyricalBalladsbyWordsworthin1978.Historicalbackg

2、round1.It’saturbulentperiod:a.GreatpoliticalandsocialeventsweretheRestorationofKingCharlesIIin1660.b.theGreatPlague（大瘟疫,指1665年流行于伦敦的鼠疫）of1665whichtook70000livesinLondonalone.c.theGreatLondonFirewhichdestroyedalargepartofthecity,leavingtwo-thirdsofthepopulationhomeless.d.theGloriousRevolu

3、tioninwhichKingJamesIIwasreplacedbyhisprotestantdaughterMaryandherDutchhusbandWilliam,dukeofOrange,in1689.Therewasconstantstrifebetweenthemonarchandtheparliament,betweenthetwobigparties—theToriesandWhigs—overthecontroloftheparliamentandgovernment,betweenopposingreligioussectssuchastheRom

4、anCatholicism,theAnglicanChurch（英国国教等于ChurchofEngland）andtheDissenters(异议者

5、不奉国教者

6、不同意者),betweentherulingclassandthelaboringpoor,etc.Inshort,itwasanagefullofconflictsanddivergence(disagreement)ofvalues.e.theconstitutionalmonarchy(君主立宪制度)cameintobeingasacompromisebetweenthebourgeoisieandthe

7、aristocrats---themonarchwasdeprivedofrulingpower,ParliamenthadmoresayTheTory(保守托利党)andtheWhig（自由辉格党）2.Abroad:TheeighteenthcenturysawthefastdevelopmentofEnglandasanation,avastexpansionofBritishcoloniesinNorthAmerica,India,theWestIndies,andacontinuousincreaseofcolonialwealthandtradeprovide

8、dEnglandwithamarketforwhichthesmall-scalehandproductionmethodsofthehomeindustrywerehardlyadequate.Towardsthemiddleoftheeighteenthcentury,Englandhadbecomethefirstpowerfulcapitalistcountryintheworld.TheBritishbourgeoisormiddleclassalsogrewrapidly.ItwasthemajorforceoftheRevolutionandwasmain

9、lycomposedofcitypeople.3.literaturecharacter:theEnlightenmentMovementbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks.Thistendencyisknownasneoclassicism(新古典主义).Accordingtotheneoclassicists,allformsofliteratureweretobemodeledaftertheclassicalworksoftheancientGreekandRo