Low-Voltage Low-Power CMOS-RF Transceiver Design

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1、IEEETRANSACTIONSONMICROWAVETHEORYANDTECHNIQUES,VOL.50,NO.1,JANUARY2002281Low-VoltageLow-PowerCMOS-RFTransceiverDesignMichielS.J.Steyaert,SeniorMember,IEEE,BramDeMuer,PaulLeroux,MarcBorremans,StudentMember,IEEE,andKoenMertensInvitedPaperAbstract—Researc

2、hoverthelasttenyearshasresultedinattemptstowardsingle-chipCMOSRFcircuitsforBluetooth,globalpositioningsystem,digitalenhancedcordlesstelecommuni-cationsandcellularapplications.AnoverviewoftheuseofCMOSforlow-costintegrationofahigh-endcellularRFtransceive

3、rfront-endispresented.SomefundamentalpitfallsandlimitationsofRFCMOSarediscussed.Tocircumventtheseobstacles,thechoiceoftransceiverarchitecture,circuittopologydesign,andsystematicoptimizationofthedifferenttransceiverblocksisnecessary.Moreover,optimizatio

4、nofthetransceiverasonesingleblockbyminimizingthenumberofpower-hungryinterfacecircuitsisemphasized.Asexamples,afullyintegratedcellulartransceiverfront-end,alow-powerextremelylownoise-figurelow-noiseamplifier,andaveryefficientpoweramplifieraredemonstrate

5、d.Fig.1.CMOStransceiversystem.TheboldboxindicatestheintegratedIndexTerms—CMOS,lowpower,lowvoltage,receiver,RF,front-end.transceiver,wireless.adaptations[1].SeveralcircuitexampleswillbepresentedintheI.INTRODUCTIONareaofglobalpositioningsystem(GPS)receiv

6、er(RX)andcel-lulartransceivers.AfullyintegratedCMOScellulartransceiverHEendofthe20thCenturywillberememberedforthefront-endachievesDCS-1800classI/IIspecificationsandfea-Tunrivaledgrowthofthetelecommunicationindustry.Theturesahighlevelofintegration.Tobui

7、ldacompletetransceivermaincauseforthiseventwastheintroductionofdigitalsignalsystem,onlyanantenna,anantennafilter,apoweramplifier,processinginwirelesscommunications,drivenbythedevel-acrystaloscillator,andadigitalbaseband(BB)chipmustbeopmentofhigh-perfor

8、mancelow-costCMOStechnologiesforaddedtotheanalogfront-end(seeFig.1).verylargescaleintegration(VLSI).However,theRFanalogfront-endremainsthebottleneckforlow-costRFsystems.RFfront-enddesignispushedtowardhigherlevelsofintegrationII.RXARCHIT