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1、Chapter12ImprovingHearingPerformanceUsingNaturalAuditoryCodingStrategiesFrankRattayAbstractSoundtransferfromthehumaneartothebrainisbasedonthreequitedifferentneuralcodingprincipleswhenthecontinuoustemporalauditorysourcesignalissentasbinarycodeinexcellentqualityvia30,000nervefibersperear.Cochleari
2、mplantsarewell-acceptedneuralprosthesesforpeoplewithsensoryhearingloss,butcurrentlythedevicesareinspiredonlybythetonotopicprinciple.Accordingtothisprinciple,everysoundfrequencyismappedtoaspecificplacealongthecochlea.Byelectricalstimulation,thefrequencycontentoftheacousticsignalisdistributedviafe
3、wcontactsoftheprosthesistocorrespondingplacesandgeneratesspikesthere.Incontrasttothenaturalsituation,theartificiallyevokedinformationcontentintheauditorynerveisquitepoor,especiallybecausetherichnessofthetemporalfinestructureoftheneuralpatternisreplacedbyafiringpatternthatisstronglysynchronizedwith
4、anartificialcycleduration.Improvementinhearingperformanceisexpectedbyinvolvingmoreoftheingeniousstrategiesdevelopedduringevolution.12.1TheHairCellTransformsMechanicalintoNeuralSignalsTheexceptionalperformanceandtheextremehighsensitivityoftheauditorysystemareexcellentexamplesofevolution.Itwasdeve
5、lopedtogetherwiththelaterallineorganoffishes,asensoryorganthatconsistsofacanalrunningalongbothsidesofthebody,communicatingviasensoryporesthroughscalestotheexterior.Analyzingthevibrationsofthesurroundingwaterasspatialandtemporalfunctions,thelaterallinesystemhelpsthefishtoavoidcollisions,toorientit
6、selfinrelationtowatercurrents,andtolocateprey.Thiswayitisatouchsenseoverdistance.F.Rattay()InstituteforAnalysisandScientificComputing,ViennaTechnicalUniversity,Vienna,Austriae-mail:frank.rattay@tuwien.ac.atP.Gruberetal.(eds.)BiomimeticsMaterials,StructuresandProcesses,Biological249andMedicalPhy
7、sics,BiomedicalEngineering,DOI10.1007/978-3-642-11934-712,©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011250F.RattayFig.12.1Schemeofatypicalinnerhaircell(IHC).Themaintaskofhaircellsinsensorysystemsistodetectforceswhichdeflecttheirhairs(stereo
