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1、INTERNATIONALJOURNALOFPOPULATIONGEOGRAPHYInt.J.Popul.Geogr.5,425±448(1999)HukouandNon-hukouMigrationsinChina:ComparisonsandContrasts112KamWingChan,*TaLiuandYunyanYang1DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofWashington,Seattle,USA2ZhongnanUniversityofFinanceandEconomics,C
2、hinaABSTRACTmigrationmechanismsanddegreeoftheimpactwerenotthesame.Non-hukouThispaperusesChina's1990Census1%migrationratesweretiedpositivelytothemicrodataandstudiesinterprovincialmigrationstock,aprocessconsistentwithamigrationwithreferencetoacoreChinesenetworkedmigr
3、ationhypothesis,whilehukousocioeconomicinstitution,thehouseholdmigrationrateswerenot.Rurallabourregistration(hukou)system.We®rstcomparedmigrantsmovedawayfromprovincesofhighthesocioeconomiccharacteristicsandpopulationpressuretothosewithmoregeographicalpatternsoflong
4、-distancehukoufavourableratiosoflandperlabourer,inlineandnon-hukoumigratory¯ows,andwithneoclassicalpredictions.Hukoudevelopedaframeworkofdualmigrationmigrationmovedintheoppositedirection,circuits.Withthisframework,weusedare¯ectingadifferentsetoffactorsatwork.Oursta
5、tisticalmodeltoevaluatemigrationratesinanalysisindicatesthatthehukousystemrelationtobothoriginanddestinationremainedarelativelypowerfulinstitutioninvariables.Itwasfoundthatthesetwotypesofstructuringmigrationinthe1980s.Thestudymigrantssharedsomegeneraldemographicals
6、oillustratestheusefulnessandlimitationscharacteristics,butdisplayedsubstantialofapplyingexistingmigrationmodelsinasocioeconomicdifferences.Hukoumigrantsdifferentsociopoliticalcontext.Copyright#tendedtooriginateinurbanareas,hadan1999JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd.extremelyhighs
7、hareofthecollege-educatedandwereemployedinmoreskilledjobs,whilenon-hukoumigrantsweremostlyfromruralReceived16March1999;Revised29July1999;Accepted20August1999areaswithmuchlowereducationattainment.Int.J.Popul.Geogr.5,425±448(1999)Hukoulabourmigrantstendedtomovethroug
8、hgovernmentandformalchannels,whilenon-hukoumigrantsreliedontheirown,Keywords:China;dualism;hukousystem;ofteninformal,sourcesforjobs.Weusedasetlab
