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1、582IsChinaAbolishingtheHukouSystem?*KamWingChanandWillBuckinghamABSTRACTInrecentyears,Chinahasinstitutedavarietyofreformstoitshukousystem,aninstitutionwiththepowertorestrictpopulationmobilityandaccesstostate-sponsoredbenefitsforthemajorityofChina’sruralpopulation.Awaveofnewspaperstoriespub
2、lishedinlate2005understoodthelatestroundofreforminitiativestosuggestthatthehukouissettobeabolished,andthatruralresidentswillsoonbe‘‘grantedurbanrights.’’Thisarticleclarifiesthebasicoperationsofthehukousysteminlightofrecentreformstoexaminethevalidityoftheseclaims.Wepointoutthatconfusionover
3、thefunctionaloperationsofthehukousystemandthenuancesofthehukoulexiconhavecontributedtotheoverstatedinterpretationoftheinitiative.Thecumulativeeffectofthesereformsisnotabolitionofthehukou,butdevolutionofresponsibilityforhukoupoliciestolocalgovernments,whichinmanycasesactuallymakespermanentm
4、igrationofpeasantstocitiesharderthanbefore.Atthebroaderlevel,thehukousystem,asamajordividebetweentheruralandurbanpopulation,remainspotentandintact.TheChinesehouseholdregistrationsystem(hukou户口orhuji户籍),havingpassedits50thbirthdaythisyear,hashadasignificantimpactonmanyaspectsoflifeforpeople
5、livinginthePeople’sRepublic.TodayitisquitecommonforstudentsofChinatoconsiderthehukou,alongwithgender,ageandincome,asoneofthemainvariablesdefiningexogenousconstraintsonindividual1behaviourinsocialandeconomicstudies.IncomparisonwiththeresidencerecordingsystemsbearingthesamenameinTaiwanorJapa
6、n,theChinesesystemservesfarmoreimportantfunctions,broadlydividingcitizensintotwoclassesforavarietyofpurposesessentialtothefunctionofthestateandseriouslyaffectingthelivelihoodofhundredsofmillionsofordinarypeople.Underthissystem,some800millionruralresidentsaretreatedasinferiorsecond-classcit
7、izensdeprivedoftherighttosettleincitiesandtomostofthe*WearethankfulforusefulcommentsandsuggestionsbyCaiFang,CarolynCartier,Wing-shingTang,JackWilliams,LiZhangandespeciallyDorothySolinger,whoreadearlierversionsofthemanuscript.AssistancewithromanizationofChinese
