资源描述：
《Grano 2011 Mandarin hen and Universal Markedness in Gradable Adjectives》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、(ToappearinNaturalLanguage&LinguisticTheory)MandarinhenandUniversalMarkednessinGradableAdjectivesThomasGranoManuscriptdate:October29,2011AbstractUndersomeconditions,gradableadjectivesinMandarinmustco-occurwithovertdegreemorphology(mostneutrally,hen‘very’)forpositiveinterpretation;other
2、wise,acom-parativeinterpretationresults.Thispaperarguesthatthisphenomenonistheconsequenceoftwointeractingfactors:(1)Universally,whereascomparativesemanticsisprovidedbya(possiblycovert)morphemeinsyntax,positivesemanticsisprovidedbyatype-shiftingrulethatdoesnotprojectinsyntax,and(2)TheT[
3、+V]constraint:inMandarin,thedirectcomplementtoT(ense)musteitherbe(anextendedprojectionof)averborafunctionalmorphemethatcaninprinciplecombinewith(anextendedprojectionof)averb.Conse-quently,asuperficiallybareadjectivalcomplementtoTmayprojectanullcomparativemorphemeinordertosatisfyT[+V],bu
4、tpositivesemanticsisruledoutbecauseitdoesnotaffecttheAPcategorialstatusofthepredicateandhencedoesnotsatisfyT[+V].Thesemanticallybleacheddegreeadverbhencanbeusedinsteadtoapproximatepositivese-manticsinawaythatsatisfiesT[+V].Thisproposalmakestherightpredictionsabouttheconditionsunderwhich
5、bareadjectivesdoreceiveapositiveinterpretation,namely,whenotherfunctionalelementsintervenebetweenTandAP,andwhenTisnotprojected.Animportantconsequenceoftheproposalisthatdespitesurfaceappearances,Mandarindoesnotcounterexemplifytheuniversalgeneralizationthatcomparativesarethemarkedmembero
6、fthepositive/comparativeopposition;onthecontrary,itsproperanalysisactuallydependsontheideathatcomparative-formadjectivesinvolveextrastructure.KeywordsMandarinChineseGradableadjectivesDegreemodificationUniversalmarkedness1IntroductionAccordingtoaninfluentialfamilyofapproaches(seeespeci
7、allyCresswell1976;vonSte-chow1984;Kennedy1999;KennedyandMcNally2005),gradableadjectiveshaveadegree-basedsemanticsandmustcombinewithsemanticoperatorsinordertobeuseableaspred-T.GranoDepartmentofLinguistics,UniversityofChicago,1010East59thStreet,Chicago,IL60637,USAE-mail:tgrano@uchicago
