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1、LinguistPhilos(2007)30:1–45DOI10.1007/s10988-006-9008-0RESEARCHARTICLEVaguenessandgrammar:thesemanticsofrelativeandabsolutegradableadjectivesChristopherKennedyReceived:23August2006/Accepted:15September2006/Publishedonline:20March2007ÓSpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2007AbstractThispaperinvest
2、igatesthewaythatlexicalsemanticpropertiesoflinguisticexpressionsinfluencevagueness,focusingontheinterpretationofthepositive(un-marked)formofgradableadjectives.Ibeginbydevelopingasemanticanalysisofthepositiveformof‘relative’gradableadjectives,expandingonpreviousproposalsbyfurthermotivatingasemant
3、icbasisforvaguenessandbypreciselyidentifyingandcharacterizingthedivisionoflaborbetweenthecompositionalandcontextualaspectsofitsinterpretation.Ithenintroduceachallengetotheanalysisfromtheclassof‘absolute’gradableadjectives:adjectivesthataredemonstrablygradable,butwhichhavepositiveformsthatrelate
4、objectstomaximalorminimaldegrees,anddonotgiverisetovagueness.Iarguethatthetruthconditionaldifferencebetweenrelativeandabsoluteadjectivesinthepositiveformstemsfromtheinteractionoflexicalsemanticpropertiesofgradableadjectives—thestructureofthescalestheyuse—andageneralconstraintoninterpretiveecono
5、mythatrequirestruthconditionstobecomputedon*ThispapergrewoutofjointworkwithLouiseMcNally,andowesagreatdebttothiscollaboration.IamalsogratefultoChrisBarker,GennaroChierchia,DeliaGraff,IreneHeim,EdKeenan,JeffreyKing,SallyMcConnell-Ginet,JasonStanley,andaudiencesatMIT,Princeton,Northwestern,theUni
6、versityofBritishColumbia,theUniversityofChicago,theUniversityofMassachusetts,Amherst,theUniversityofMichigan,theUniversityofMilan-Bicocca,theUniversityofPennsylvania,theUniversityofStuttgart,YaleUniversityandtheZentrumfu¨rallgemeineSprachwissenschaft,Berlin,forveryhelpfulcommentsandfeedbackonea
7、rlierversionsofthiswork.IwouldliketoexpressparticulargratitudetoJohnMacFarlaneandMichaelGlanzburgfortheirthoughtfulandinsightfulreviewsofthemanuscript,toMarkRichardfortwochallengingandextremelyhelpfulcommentariesonearlierversionso
