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1、Genet.Res.,Camb.(2009),91,pp.111–120.fCambridgeUniversityPress2009111doi:10.1017/S001667230900007XPrintedintheUnitedKingdomBreedingwithoutbreeding12YOUSRYA.EL-KASSABY*ANDMILANLSTIBU˚REK1DepartmentofForestSciences,UniversityofBritishColumbia,Vancouver,BC,CanadaV6T1Z42FacultyofForestryandWoodSciences,
2、CzechUniversityofLifeSciences,Prague,16521CzechRepublic(Received10September2008andinrevisedform30October2008and14January2009)SummaryAninnovativeapproachtotreebreedingcalled‘breedingwithoutbreeding’(BWB)ispresented.Themethod,asappliedonthematerialinhand,allowsthecaptureof75–85%ofthegeneticresponsetos
3、electionattainedthroughconventionalprogrammeswithouttheneedtodoanycontrolledpollinationandsimplifiedorpossiblynoexperimentalfieldtesting:bothconsideredtobethemostresource-demandingactivitiesinbreedingprogrammes.BWBcombinestheuseofgenotypicorphenotypicpre-selectionofsuperiorindividuals,informativeDNAma
4、rkersforfingerprintingandpedigreereconstructionofoffspringtoassemblenaturallycreatedfull-andhalf-sibfamiliesresultingfrommatingamongselectedparents,andquantitativegeneticsanalysestoidentifyelitegenotypesforfurthergeneticimprovementortheestablishmentofproductionpopulations.BWButilityisdemonstratedusing
5、aretrospectivestudyofDouglas-fir(Pseudotsugamenziesii)progenytestsconsistingofoffspringproducedfrom150controlledcrossesamong60parentsandestablishedoverthreesites.Theempiricalresultsaresupportedbytheoreticalexpectationsdemonstratinganticipatedminimumgeneticresponsecomparedwithconventionalapproaches.The
6、method’ssimplicityoffersanexceptionalopportunityforthedevelopmentofcomparablebreedingeffortsindevelopingcountries,advancedandnewbreedingprogrammes,andeconomicallyimportantand‘minor’species.1.Introductionmade,breedingpopulationswherecrossesamongtheselectedindividualsarecreatedandtestedandde-Forestgener
7、esourcemanagementisadauntingtaskploymentpopulations(e.g.seedorchards)harbouringrequiringbalancingutilizationandconservationgoalselitegenotypesforseedproduction(Namkoongetal.,(Yanchuk,2001)forlarge,lon
