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1、VContainment,Disposal,andMechanicalDesignStanleyS.GrosselChairman,DIERSContainment,Disposal,andMechanicalDesignCommitteeJamesE.HuffChairman,Two-PhaseFlowProjectsCommittee1.INTRODUCTIONIndesigningpressurereliefsystems,considerationmustbegiventoseveralfactorsinaddition
2、tothesizingandspecifyingofthereliefdevices(safetyvalvesand/orrupturedisks)themselves.Thesefactorsincludethefollowing:1.Canthevesselbesafelyventeddirectlytotheatmosphereorshouldthedischargeberoutedtoablowdowndrum(catchtank)?2.Canthevaporsfromtheblowdowndrumbesafelyven
3、tedtotheatmosphereorshouldtheygotoaflare,incinerator,scrubber,orcondenser?3.Whatcriteriaareusedforsizingtheblowdowndrum?4.Ifaflareisrequired,shoulditbeanelevatedorgroundflare?Ifitiselevated,howhighandhowfarawayfromotherequipmentandbuildingsshoulditbe?5.Howarethereact
4、ionforcesresultingfromthedischargeofvapororvapor-liquidmixturescalculatedforthevesselrecoil,thereliefdevice,andtheventdischargepiping?Thesefactorsarebrieflydiscussedbelowwithreferencesgivenformoredetaileddiscussions.VENTTOATMOSPHEREORFLARESTACKORSCRUBBERRUPTUREDISKLO
5、NGRADIUSSHEPTBENDORELBOHREACTORBLONOOHNDRUMFIGUREV-I.Horizontalblowdowndrum.2.BLOWDOWNDRUMDESIGNTheinformationinthefollowingsectionspertainstothedesignofblowdowndrums/catchtanksfornormalliquid-vaporsystems(lowviscosityandnon-foamyorunstablefoams).Theymaynotbeapplicab
6、letohighviscosity(Newtonianandnon-Newtonian)liquidsand/orsystemsthatexhibitsurface-activefoamingbehavior.Furtherresearchisrequiredinthearea.2-1.TypesofKnock-Out(Blowdown)DrumsandCatchtanksKnock-outdrums(alsocalledknock-outpots)andcatchtankscomeinavarietyofdesigns.Sev
7、eraltypes,commonlyfoundinthechemicalindustry,aredescribedbelow.2-1-1.HorizontalKnock-OutDrum/CatchtankThistypeofdrum,showninFigureV-I,combinesboththevapor-liquidseparationandholdupfunctionsinonevessel.Horizontaldrumsarecom-monlyusedwherespaceisplentiful,suchasinpetro
8、leumrefineriesandpetrochemicalplants.Thetwo-phasemixtureusuallyentersatoneend,andthevaporexitsattheotherend.Fortwo-phasestreamswith
