Political corruption in Russia and the Soviet Legacy

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1、Crime,Law&SocialChange34:349–367,2000.349©2000KluwerAcademicPublishers.PrintedintheNetherlands.PoliticalcorruptioninRussiaandtheSovietLegacyPETERKNEENDepartmentofPolitics,UniversityofDurham,UKAbstract.Signsofcorruptioninpost-SovietRussiaareabundantanditsimmediatecause,therapidmovetoward

2、sthemarketinadvanceoftheestablishmentofalegalinfrastructure,readilyapparent.Buttheunqualifieduseoftheterm“corruption”riskssubstitutingliberaljudgementsofRussiancapitalismforanhistoricallygroundedandsociologicallyinformedunderstandingofRussia'sdeviancefromWesternstandards.Hereitisarguedth

3、at“corruption”inpost-CommunistRussiacanmostusefullybeunderstoodastheextensionofSovietcopingstrategies,developedinthecommandeconomy,totheopportunitiesopenedupbymarketisa-tion.ThisoccurredincircumstanceswherethebureaucraticandideologicalconstraintsoftheSovietstatewerenotreplacedbycompensa

4、toryinstitutionalandlegaldisciplines.RatherthancorruptinganestablishedsystemofrightsandobligationsRussian“corruption”representstheextensionoftheinformalcultureandpracticesoftheSovietsystemtotheopportunitiespresentedbyemergingRussiancapitalism.Introduction:manifoldsignsofcorruptionSignso

5、fpoliticalcorruptioninthesenseoftheuseofpublicpositionforpersonaladvantageareunavoidableinpost-CommunistRussia.DuringhisperiodinofficeEl'tsinlaunchedseveralcampaignsagainstcorruptionandmaderepeatedclaimsaboutitscorrosiveimpactongovernment.1Intherun-uptotherecentDumaelectionstheprimeminis

6、ter,VladimirPutin,inaugur-atedyetanotherdrivetorootoutseriouscrimeandcorruptionusingwhathasbecomecharacteristicallyrobustlanguagetoexpressthenatureofthethreatstheyposetosociety.2AsimilarmessagewasconveyedbytheKremlin'scentre-leftopponents:theFatherland–AllRussiaBloc.Referringtovariousin

7、triguesconductedagainsttheBloc,EvgeniiPrimakovclaimedthattheywerearesponsetoitscommitmenttostopembezzlersofstatemoneyandcorruptofficials.3ItwasrecentlyreportedthataseniorgovernmentofficialdemandedasevenfigurebribefromaBritishcompanyseekingtoinvestinRussia.4Thesizeofthesuminvolvedr