Corruption By Design

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1、CorruptionbyDesignCorruptionbyDesignbuildingcleangovernmentinmainlandchinaandhongkongMELANIEMANIONHARVARDUNIVERSITYPRESSCambridge,Massachusetts,andLondon,England2004Copyright©2004byMelanieManionAllrightsreservedPrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaLibraryofCongressCataloging

2、-in-PublicationDataManion,Melanie,1955Corruptionbydesign:buildingcleangovernmentinmainlandChinaandHongKong/MelanieManion.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-674-01486-31.PoliticalcorruptionChinaPrevention.2.PoliticalcorruptionChinaHongKongPrevention.3.Po

3、liticalcorruptionPreventionCasestudies.4.PoliticalcorruptionChina.5.PoliticalcorruptionChinaHongKong.6.PoliticalcorruptionCasestudies.I.Title.JQ1509.5.C6M362004364.1
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0951dc222004047348ForDavid,myheroContentsAcknowledgmentsix1AnticorruptionReforminaSettingofWidespread

4、Corruption12CorruptionandAnticorruptionReforminHongKong273AnExplosionofCorruptioninMainlandChina844ProblemsofRoutineAnticorruptionEnforcement1195AnticorruptionCampaignsasEnforcementMechanisms1556InstitutionalDesignsforCleanGovernment200Notes211WorksCited245AuthorIndex275

5、SubjectIndex279AcknowledgmentsItismygreatpleasuretothankthosewhohavehelpedmeinavarietyofwayswiththisbook.ThechaptersonmainlandChina,whichcomprisemostofthebook,benefittedimmenselyfromdiscussionswithanumberofofficialsandordinaryChinese,hereunnamed.Inparticular,Ilearnedaboutt

6、heimportanceofbeliefsfrommyinterviewsonbriberyinenter-priselicensingconductedthereintheearly1990s,whileresearchingcleangovernmentwithsupportfromagrantsponsoredbytheCom-mitteeonScholarlyCommunicationswithChina.Inthemid-1990s,ayearinHongKongenrichedmyunderstandingofanextra

7、ordinaryex-ampleoftransformationfromcorruptiontocleangovernment;italsoyieldedthediscoveryofpreviouslyunexploitedsurveysthatprovidedarareopportunitytochartchangesinbeliefsaboutcorruption.In1995andyearsafter,intelligenceofficersintheHongKongInde-pendentCommissionAgainstCorr

8、uption(ICAC)OperationsDepart-mentweretremendouslyhelpful,withoutcompromisingthedutiesofoffice.Theirinsig