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1、JournalofAgingStudies20(2006)165–175www.elsevier.com/locate/jagingThepoliticaleconomyofpensionreforminRussia:Whypartialprivatization?a,⁎bcJohnB.Williamson,StephanieA.Howling,MichelleL.MarotoaDepartmentofSociology,BostonCollege,ChestnutHill,MA02467,USAbDepartmentofSoc
2、iology,HarvardUniversity,Cambridge,MA02138,USAcDepartmentofSociology,UniversityofWashington,Seattle,WA98195,USAReceived18January2005;receivedinrevisedform11June2005;accepted6July2005AbstractWebeginwithabriefhistoryofsocialsecuritypolicyinRussiabothbeforeandaftertheco
3、llapseoftheSovietUnion.Wedescribethecurrentpensionschemeandpresentananalysisofthestrengthsandweaknessesofthemodel,withparticularattentiontothewayinwhichitmaydisadvantagewomenandlow-wageandinformalsectorworkers.ThereasonswhyRussiaisintheprocessofimplementingasocialsec
4、urityschemebasedlargelyonamodelproposedbytheWorldBankisalsoexplored.Wearguethatthedecisionreflectstheeffectsofbothinternalandexternaleconomicpressuresaswellasculturaldiffusionviathenetworkofneo-liberaleconomistsandpensionexpertsassociatedwithinternationalfinancialins
5、titutions,mostnotablytheWorldBank.WeconcludewithadiscussionofhowwewouldrestructuretheRussianschememakinggreateruseofthenotionaldefinedcontribution(NDC)model.©2005ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:Russia;Privatization;Pensionreform;Socialsecurityreform;Individual
6、accounts1.IntroductionMostgovernmentsaroundtheworld,richandpoor,arecurrentlylookingatprojectionssuggestingthattheirsocialsecuritysystemswillbecomeverydifficulttofinanceinthedecadesahead.Someofthesecountriesarealreadyfacingseverefinancingproblems(Bongaarts,2004;WorldB
7、ank,1994).Inmanyplacestwoofthemostimportantsourcesoftheseproblemsarerecentdemographictrends(populationaging)andthematurationofexistingPAYGDBpublicpensionschemes.ForRussiaandotherformerSovietrepublics,therearetheaddedfiscalburdensassociatedwiththetransitionfromacomman
8、dtoamarketeconomy.DuringtheyearsjustpriortothecollapseoftheSovietUnionin1991,manyofthesecountrieshadgenerousandnearuniversal,althou
