(Nanoscale)ZnO NW lasers

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2、radualandslow.AfterEinsteinspaperonabsorptionandstimulatedemissionoflightin1917ittookuntil1960forthefirstsolidstatelaserdevicetoseethelight.Notmuchlater,thefirstsemiconductorlaserwasdemonstratedandlasinginthenearUVspectralrangefromZnOwasreportedasearlyas1966.Theresearchontheopticalprope

3、rtiesofZnOshowedaremarkablerevivalsince1995withthedemonstrationofroomtemperaturelasing,whichwasfurtherenhancedbythefirstreportoflasingbyasinglenanowirein2001.Sincethen,theresearchfocussedincreasinglyonone-dimensionalnanowiresofZnO.Westartthisreviewwithabriefdescriptionoftheopto-electro

4、nicpropertiesofZnOthatarerelatedtothewurtzitecrystalstructure.Howthesepropertiesaremodifiedbythenanowiregeometryisdiscussedinthesubsequentsections,inwhichwepresenttheconfinedphotonand/orpolaritonmodesandhowthesecanbeinvestigatedexperimentally.Next,wereviewexperimentalstudiesoflaseremiss

5、ionfromsingleZnOnanowiresunderdifferentexperimentalconditions.Weemphasizethespecialfeaturesresultingfromthesub-wavelengthdimensionsbypresentingourresultsonsingleZnOnanowireslyingonasubstrate.Atpresent,themechanismoflasinginZnO(nanowires)isthesubjectofastrongdebatethatisconsideredatthe

6、endofthisreview.1.AbriefhistoryofZnOlasingDownloadedbyBeijingUniversityon10July2011In1917EinsteincalculatedtheprobabilitiesofabsorptionandDebyeInstituteforNanomaterialsScience,UniversityofUtrecht,P.O.stimulatedemissionofquantafromanelectromagneticbeam.1Publishedon06May2011onhttp://pub

7、s.rsc.org

8、doi:10.1039/C1NR00013FBox80.000,3508TAUtrecht,TheNetherlands.E-mail:Thedifferencebetweentheratesofabsorptionandstimulatedd.vanmaekelbergh@uu.nlemission,ledtoanotherprocess,i.e.thespontaneousemissionofCurrentaddress:DepartmentofMaterialsScienceandEngineering,photons.2Instimul

9、atede