英语句子结构及种类

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1、英语句子的两种分法按句子的用途可以分为四种：1.陈述句（肯定、否定）Heissixyearsold.2.疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反义）Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Marrycanswim,canshe?3.祈使句Becareful,boys.Don’tspeakinclass.4.感叹句Howclevertheboyis!按句子结构可分为3种：简单句、并列句、复合句1.简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemo

2、rning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰，给名词加上形容词或介词短语修饰，给句子加上状语等修饰，以使整个句子更加丰富和充实，但不管如何变，都只有一个主谓结构。Heworkedhardallhislife.(划线部分在句子中做状语，修饰worked)HeisaschoolstudentinNO.1middleschool.(划线部分在句子中做定语，修饰

3、名词student)简单句的五个基本句型：l主语+不及物动词Waterflows.l主语+谓语动词+宾语ShelikesEnglish.l主语+系动词+主语补语Sheishappy.l主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语I’lltellherthenews.I’llbuyabookforyou./I’llbuyyouabookl主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.Shemakeshermotherangry.主语：句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesinthe

4、east.(名词)Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.（数词）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree（It做形式主语，主语从句是真正的主语）练习：自己除下列句子中的中心词。谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。WestudyEnglish.Whereareyougoingtostay?表语：

5、系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.（名词）mywatchismissing.（形容词化的分词）Fiveplusfiveisten.（数词）Thepictureisonthewall.（介词短语）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表语从句）常见的系动词有：be,sound,look,feel(摸起来、感觉),smell,taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持、仍是）,Thesoundsoundsstrange.Soontheyallbecam

6、einterestedinthesubject宾语：1）表示行为的对象，常由名词或代词担任，放在及物动词或介词之后。IlikeChina(名词)Hoemanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo（数词）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（现在分词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）2）介宾——介词后的名词、代词和动名词Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3)双

7、宾语，间接宾语（指人）和直接宾语（指物）Givethepoormansomemoney.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?宾语补语：对宾语的补充Weelectedhimmonitor.Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.Wewillmakethemhappy.Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.I’llhavemybikerepaired.Don

8、’tkeepthelightburning.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.定语：修饰或限定名词或代词的词、词组或句子YangLingisachemistryteacher.HeisourfiendHewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.Themanoverthereismyfriend.Th