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1、BuddhismReligionsoftheWorldSeriesEditor:NinianSmartBuddhismBradleyK.HawkinsCaliforniaStateUniversity,LongBeachLONDONFirstpublishedinGreatBritain1999byRoutledge11NewFetterLane,LondonEC4P4EEThiseditionpublishedintheTaylor&Francise-Library,2003.©1999Calmann&KingLtd
2、Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedorutilizedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,nowknownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orinanyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepub
3、lishers.ISBN0-203-51658-3Mastere-bookISBNISBN0-203-54634-2(AdobeeReaderFormat)ISBN0-415-21341-X(hbk)ISBN0-415-21162-X(pbk)ThisbookwasdesignedandproducedbyCalmann&KingLtd,LondonEditorialworkbyMelanieWhiteandDamianThompsonPronunciationguidebyHeatherGrossDesignbyDe
4、signDeluxeandKarenStaffordMapbyAndreaFairbrassArtworksbySarah-JayneStaffordPictureresearchbyPeterKentReviewersTheodoreM.Ludwig,ValparaisoUniversity;TadanoriYamashita,MountHolyokeUniversity;MarthaAnnSelby,SouthernMethodistUniversityPictureCreditsCoverJean-LéoDuga
5、st,PanosPictures;page18Jean-LéoDugast,PanosPictures;22TakamasaInamura,SakamotoPhotoResearchLaboratory;26SarahErrington,HutchisonLibrary;31MuseumRietberg,Zurich,VonderHeydtCollection/FotoWettsteinandKauf;41GovernmentMuseum,Mathura;51WernerFormanArchive/PhilipGold
6、manCollection;66RexFeatures/Sipa/J.Torregnano;74SpectrumColourLibrary;96CarlosReyes-Manzo,AndesPressAgency;107TedStreshinsky/CorbisContentsForeword7Preface9ChronologyofBuddhism101Introduction:ThreeVignettes13Theravada:TheWayofDiscipline13Zen:TheWayofMeditation19
7、Vajrayana:TheWayofRitual242TheRootsofBuddhism28IndianReligionattheTimeoftheBuddha28TheBuddhaandHisMessage35Box:TheBuddha’sDisciples36ArtFocus:ImageoftheBuddha403TheEarlyHistoricalDevelopmentofBuddhism45TheDevelopmentofBuddhisminSouthAsia45TheRiseofMahayanaBuddhi
8、sm47ArtFocus:TheGrowingRoleoftheBodhisattva50TheBuddhistMissionandtheSpreadofBuddhisminEastAsia52TheBeginningsofBuddhisminJapanandKorea57TibetandtheDevelopmentofVajra
