资源描述：
《Bacteriophage resistance mechanisms》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、REVIEWSBacteriophageresistancemechanismsSimonJ.Labrie*,JulieE.Samson‡§
2、
3、andSylvainMoineau‡§
4、
5、Abstract
6、Phagesarenowacknowledgedasthemostabundantmicroorganismsontheplanetandarealsopossiblythemostdiversified.Thisdiversityismostlydrivenbytheirdynamicadaptationwhenfacing
7、selectivepressuresuchasphageresistancemechanisms,whicharewidespreadinbacterialhosts.Wheninfectingbacterialcells,phagesfacearangeofantiviralmechanisms,andtheyhaveevolvedmultipletacticstoavoid,circumventorsubvertthesemechanismsinordertothriveinmostenvironments.InthisR
8、eview,wehighlightthemostimportantantiviralmechanismsofbacteriaaswellasthecounter-attacksusedbyphagestoevadethesesystems.Bacteriophages(orphages)arenowwidelyrecognizedPreventingphageadsorptionPhasevariationtooutnumberbacteriabyanestimatedtenfold1.TheAdsorptionofphage
9、stohostreceptorsistheinitialstepAgeneticallyprogrammedbiologicalphenomenonthatremarkablediversityofphagesisbestillustratedbytheofinfectionand,perhaps,oneofthemostintricateevents,occursinbacteriathatneedfrequencyofnovelgenesthatarefoundinnewlycharac-asphagesmustrecog
10、nizeaparticularhost-specifictoadapttodifferentterizedphagegenomes2.Suchnaturalvariationisareflec-cellcomponent.Phagesarefacedwithanastonishingenvironments.Thesebacteriationofthearrayofbacterialhoststhatareavailabletodiversityinthecompositionofhostmembranesandcellcan
11、modifytheircellularcomponentsaccordingtophagesandthehighevolutionrateofphageswhenfacingwalls.Futhermore,bacteriahaveevolvedarangeofbar-environmentalconditionsselectivepressurecreatedbyantiphagebarriers2–5(FIG.1).rierstopreventphageadsorption(FIG.2).Theseadsorp-throu
12、ghtheregulationofaInmostenvironments,alargepoolofphagesandhostsaretion-blockingmechanismscanbedividedintoatleastcomplexgeneexpressioninvolvedincontinuouscyclesofco-evolution,inwhichthreecategories:theblockingofphagereceptors,thenetwork.emergingphage-insensitivehosts
13、helptopreservebacte-productionofextracellularmatrixandtheproductionriallineages,whereascounter-resistantphagesthreatenofcompetitiveinhibit
