A digitally controlled oscillator in a 90 nm digital CMOS process for mobile phones

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1、IEEEJOURNALOFSOLID-STATECIRCUITS,VOL.40,NO.11,NOVEMBER20052203ADigitallyControlledOscillatorina90nmDigitalCMOSProcessforMobilePhonesRobertBogdanStaszewski,Member,IEEE,Chih-MingHung,Member,IEEE,NathenBarton,Meng-ChangLee,Member,IEEE,andDirkLeipoldAbstract—WeproposeanddemonstratethefirstRFdigitall

2、ycontrolledoscillator(DCO)forcellularmobilephones.TheDCOispartofasingle-chipquad-bandfullycompliantGSMtransceiverrealizedina90nmdigitalCMOSprocess.Wideandpreciselinearfrequencytuningisachievedthroughdigitalcontrolofalargearrayofstandardn-poly/n-wellMOSCAPdevicesthatoperateinflatregionsoftheirC–V

3、curves.Thevaractorsarepartitionedintobinary-weightedandunit-weightedbanksthataresequentiallyactivatedduringfrequencylockingandtracking.Thefinestvaractorstepsizeis12kHzatthe1.6–2.0Fig.1.DCOandhigh-bandandlow-banddividersbuiltasanASICcell.GHzhigh-bandoutput.Toattenuatethequantizationnoisetobelowth

4、enaturaloscillatorphasenoise,thevaractorsundergohigh-speedsecond-order61dithering.Weanalyzetheeffectof130nmCMOSsingle-chipBluetoothradio[3].Theanalogthe61ditheringonthephasenoiseandshowthatitcanbemadecircuitimperfectionsarecompensatedanditsperformancesufficientlysmall.Themeasuredphasenoiseat20MH

5、zoffsetinfine-tunedthroughdigitalmeans,asdescribedin[4].Refer-theGSM900bandis165dBc/Hzandshowsnodegradationdueences[1]–[3]targetanddemonstrateadequateRFperformancetothe61dithering.The3.6GHzDCOcoreconsumes18.0mAfroma1.4Vsupplyandhasaverywidetuningrangeof900MHzfortheshort-rangewirelessBluetoothsta

6、ndard,whichismuchtosupportthequad-bandoperation.lessdemandingthanacellularphonestandard,withGSMbeingitsmostpopularrepresentative.IndexTerms—Alldigital,cellular,deep-submicronCMOS,digitalcontrol,digitallycontrolledoscillator(DCO),dynamicInthispaper,wepresentaDCOcapableofsupplyinglocalweightedave

7、raging(DWA),fractional-,frequencysynthesizer,oscillatorclockswithultra-lowphasenoiseandspurioustoneGSM,mobilephones,MOSvaractor,sigma-deltamodulator,levelstoaquad-bandGSMtransmitterandreceiver.Thedesignvoltage-controlledoscillator