thinking about thinking外文

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1、ThinkingAboutThinking:ThinkingAboutThinking:InfusingCriticalThinkingInOurTeachingGarfieldGini-NewmanSeniorConsultantSeniorConsultant,TheCriticalThinkingConsortiumggininewman@oiseutorontocaggininewman@oise.utoronto.caAreasontomarrycriticalthinkingandteachingofcontent

2、“Ifthemindofthechildwhenlearning,remainsmerelypassive,merelyreceivingknowledgeasavesselreceiveswaterwhichispouredintoit,littlegoodcanbeexpectedtoaccrue.Itisasiffoodwereintroducedintothestomachwhihihthchthereisnoroomttdiodigestorassimilate,andwhichwillthereforebereje

3、ctedfromthesystemor[sit]likeauselessandoppressiveloadthesystem,or[sit]likeauselessandoppressiveloaduponitsenergies.”EdggyertonRyerson,1847So,whatiscriticalthinking?¢Acomplexactivity,notasetofgenericskills,¢ConcernedwithjudgingorassessingwhatisConcernedwithjudgingora

4、ssessingwhatisreasonableorsensibleinasituation,¢FocusesonFocusesonqualityofreasoningqualityofreasoning,¢Dependsonthepossessionofrelevantknowledge¢Canbedoneinendlesscontextsandisrequiredwheneverthesituationisproblematicrequiredwheneverthesituationisproblematic¢Iseffo

5、rtfulbutnotnecessarilynegativeWhenissomeonethikithinkingcriticall?lly?¢Apersonisthinkinggycriticallyonlyyifsheisattemptingtoassessorjudgethemeritsofpossibleoptionsinlightofrelevantfactorsorcriteria.¢Criticalthinkingisthinkingiscriterialthinking—thinkinginthinkingint

6、hefaceofcriteria.ComparingteachingmethodsComparingteachingmethodsòInaaccacriticalthinkinggòIna“traditional”approach...approach....òweteachtheansweròstudentsfigureoutareasonableansweròwehelpthemdevelopòstudentstrytorememberthetoolstodothisitsuccessfullyADfiitiADefini

7、tionoffCitiCriticallThikiThinking¢TC2definescriticalthinkingasthethinkingthroughofaproblematicsituationaboutwhattobelieveorhowtoactwherethethinkermakesareasonedjudgmentthatreflectscompetentuseoftheintellectualtoolsforqualitythinking.ThinkofaThinkerThinkofaThinker¢Wh

8、enyouthinkofsomeoneyouconsideraneffectivecriticalthinkerwhatattributesthinker,whatattributesdoyouattachtothatindividual?Towhatextentisthew