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1、ThinkingaboutConsciousnessPapineauDavid,King'sCollegeLondonAbstract:Elaboratesamaterialistviewofconsciousness.Thecentralthesisofthebookisthatwhileconsciousstatesarematerial,wehumanshavetwoquitedifferentwaysofthinkingaboutthem.Wecanthinkaboutthemmaterially,asnormalpartsofthematerialworld,butwecanal
2、sothinkaboutthemphenomenally,asstatesthatfeelacertainway.Thesetwomodesofthoughtrefertothesameitemsinreality,butataconceptualleveltheyaredistinct.Byfocusingonthespecialstructureofphenomenalconcepts,DavidPapineauisabletoexposetheflawsinthestandardargumentsagainstmaterialism,whileatthesametimeexplain
3、ingwhydualismcanseemsointuitivelycompelling.Thebookalsoconsiderstheprospectsforscientificresearchintoconsciousness,andarguesthatsuchresearchoftenpromisesmorethanitcandeliver.Oncephenomenalconceptsarerecognizedforwhattheyare,manyofthequestionsposedbyconsciousnessresearchturnouttobeirredeemablyvague
4、.PrefaceIseemtohavebeenwritingthisbookforsometime.AwhileagoIformedtheplanofjuxtaposinganumberofalreadywrittenpiecestoformabookonconsciousness.Butinthecourseoftidyingandclarifying,myviewskeptdevelopingandexpanding,andnowlittleoftheoriginalmaterialisleft,andmuchhasbeenadded.Forwhatitisworth,partsofC
5、hapter1andmostoftheAppendixdescendfrom‘TheRiseofPhysicalism’,firstpublishedin2000,butwrittenratherearlier.PartsofChapters2and6canbetracedbacktomyfirstattacksonconsciousnessinPhilosophicalNaturalism(1993a)andin‘Physicalism,ConsciousnessandtheAntipatheticFallacy’(1993b).Chapter3and4areprettymuchnew.
6、Chapter5hasaffinitieswith‘MindtheGap’(1998).Chapter7startedas‘TheoriesofConsciousness’(2001),butnolongerbearsmuchrelationtothatarticle.InthecourseofwritingthisbookIhavehadmanyopportunitiestotryoutmyviews.Particularlyhelpfulhavebeenanumberofoccasionsthatallowedextendeddiscussion.IntheAutumnTermof19
7、99IheldaresearchseminaronconsciousnessatKing'sCollegeLondon,andwasgreatlyhelpedbythegraduatestudents,colleagues,andvisitorswhoattended.IcanparticularlyremembercommentsfromHeatherGert,MatteoMameli,NickShea,FinnSpi
