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1、ThinkingaboutLifePaulS.AgutterDenysN.WheatleyThinkingaboutLifeTheHistoryandPhilosophyofBiologyandOtherSciencesPaulS.AgutterDenysN.WheatleyTheoreticalandCellBiologyDirector,BioMedESConsultancyLeggatHouse,WhiterashesRoad26CastleHillKeithhall,InverurieGlossop,DerbyshireAB51OLX
2、UnitedKingdomSK137RRUnitedKingdomISBN978-1-4020-8865-0e-ISBN978-1-4020-8866-7LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2008933269©2008SpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.Nopartofthisworkmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,phot
3、ocopying,microfilming,recordingorotherwise,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthePublisher,withtheexceptionofanymaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeingenteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Printedonacid-freepaper987654321springer.comPr
4、efaceOurpreviousbook,AboutLife,concernedmodernbiology.Weusedourpresent-dayunderstandingofcellstodefinethelivingstate,providingabasisforexploringseveralgeneral-interesttopics:theoriginoflife,extraterrestriallife,intelligence,andthepossibilitythathumansareunique.Theideaswepro
5、posedinAboutLifewereintendedasstarting-pointsfordebatewedidnotclaimthemastruthbuttheinformationonwhichtheywerebasediscurrentlyacceptedasscientificfact.Whatdoesthatmean?Whatisscientificfactandwhyisitaccepted?Whatisscienceandisbiologylikeothersciencessuchasphysics(exceptinsub
6、jectmat-ter)?Thebookyouarenowreadinginvestigatesthesequestionsandsomerelatedones.LikeAboutLife,itmayparticularlyinterestareaderwhowishestochangecareertobiologyanditsrelatedsubdisciplines.InlinewitharecommendationbytheBritishAssociationfortheAdvancementofSciencethatthepublic
7、shouldbegivenfullerinformationaboutthenatureofsciencewepresenttheconceptsunderpinningbiologyandasurveyofitshistoricalandphilosophicalbasis.InthefirstchapterofAboutLifewedefinedscience,provisionally,asawayofsatisfyingourcuriositybyformulatingquestionsaboutwhatweobserveandans
8、weringthemdispassionately,withoutmakingvaluejudgements.Thatdefinitionseemedadequat
