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1、AmericanPoliticalScienceReviewVol.102,No.2May2008doi:10.1017/S0003055408080155ThePoliticalOriginsofCoordinatedCapitalism:BusinessOrganizations,PartySystems,andStateStructureintheAgeofInnocenceCATHIEJOMARTINBostonUniversityDUANESWANKMarquetteUniversityhispaperinvestigatesth
2、epoliticaldeterminantsofcorporatistandpluralistemployers’associationsandreflectsontheoriginsofthevarietiesofcapitalismintheearlydecadesofthe20thcentury.TWehypothesizethatproportional,multipartysystemstendtoenableemployers’associationstodevelopintosocialcorporatistorganizati
3、ons,whereasnonproportional,two-partysystemsareconducivetotheformationofpluralistassociations.Moreover,wesuggestthatfederalismtendstoreinforceincen-tivesforpluralistorganization.Weassessourhypothesesthroughquantitativeanalysisofdatafrom1900tothe1930sfrom16nationsandcasestud
4、iesoftheoriginsofpeakemployers’associationsinDenmarkandtheUnitedStates.Ourstatisticalanalysissuggeststhatproportional,multipartysystemsfoster,andfederalismworksagainst,socialcorporatistbusinessorganization;employers’organizationisalsogreaterwherethemobilizationoflabor,trad
5、itionsofcoordination,andeconomicdevelopmentarehigher.Thesefactorsalsolargelyexplainpre-WorldWarIIpatternsofnationalcoordinationofcapitalism.Casehistoriesoftheoriginsofemployers’associationsinDenmarkandtheUnitedStatesfurtherconfirmthecausalimportanceofpoliticalfactors.Althou
6、ghDanishandAmericanemployershadsimilarinterestsincreatingcooperativenationalindustrialpolicies,trajectoriesofassociationaldevelopmentwereconstrainedbythestructureofpartycompetition,aswellasbypreindustrialtraditionsforcoordination.gooddealmorethantheEnglishChannelsep-velope
7、dhighlyorganized,centralized,andhierarchicalAaratesthecoordinatedmarketeconomiesofsocialcorporatistgroups.WiththegreatpoliticalcontinentalEuropefromtheirliberalcousinstransformationinthe19thcenturywhencapitalisttothewest;yet,scholarsremainpuzzledaboutthedevelopmentandthegl
8、obalizationoftradecreatedoriginsofthesedivergenteconomicmodels.How,forpressuresforthenati
