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1、TranslatingEmpireTRANSLATINGEMPIREEmulationandtheOriginsofPoliticalEconomySOPHUSA.REINERTHARVARDUNIVERSITYPRESSCambridge,Massachusetts,andLondon,England2011Copyright©2011bythePresidentandFellowsofHarvardCollegeAllrightsreservedPrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaLibrary
2、ofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataReinert,SophusA.Translatingempire:emulationandtheoriginsofpoliticaleconomy/SophusA.Reinert.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN978-0-674-06151-4(alk.paper)1.EconomicsEuropeHistory18thcentury.2.Philosophy,European18
3、thcentury.3.EuropeIntellectuallife18thcentury.4.EnlightenmentEurope.I.Title.HB83.R452011330.1094dc232011017919TilFrancescaInallthepursuitsofactiveandspeculativelife,theemula-tionofstatesandindividualsisthemostpowerfulspringoftheeffortsandimprovementsofmankind.EDWARDGI
4、BBON,TheHistoryoftheDeclineandFalloftheRomanEmpire(1788)Ihavesometimesthought,thatiftheseKingdomslaynotundertheconfusionandunintelligiblenessofUnderstand-inginTrade,astheBuildersofBabeldidinLanguages,wemightwithouttheSinofthosearrogantArchitects,erectsuchTowersinTrade
5、asmightovertoptheUniverseinthatMystery.FRANCISBREWSTER,EssaysonTradeandNavigation(1695)ContentsListofFiguresxiMap:theAmericasandtheCaribbean,c.1788xiiMap:Europe,c.1788,withdatesofpublicationforCarysEssayontheStateofEnglandxiiiIntroduction11EmulationandTranslation132Ca
6、rysEssayontheStateofEngland733Butel-DumontsEssaisurlÉtatduCommercedAngleterre1294GenovesisStoriadelcommerciodellaGranBrettagna1865WichmannsÖkonomisch-politischerCommentarius233Epilogue271Abbreviations291Notes293Bibliography351Acknowledgments417Index421Figures1.1.Total
7、Europeantranslationsofeconomicworksperdecade,15001849461.2.EconomicdevelopmentinEurope,15001820481.3.PercapitadevelopmentinEurope,15001820491.4.Englishbalanceoftrade,bydecades,17001800511.5.Englishbalanceofeconomictranslations,15001849521.6.DirecttranslationsfromEngli
8、shcomparedtototalEuropeantranslations,15001849531.7.Frenchbalanceofeconomictranslations,15401849541.8.Italianbalanceofeconom
