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1、InternationalJournalofPublicOpinionResearchAdvanceAccesspublishedApril14,2011InternationalJournalofPublicOpinionResearchßTheAuthor2011.PublishedbyOxfordUniversityPressonbehalfofTheWorldAssociationforPublicOpinionResearch.Allrightsreserved.doi:10.1093/ijpor/edq044Third-personEffectandHostileMediaP
2、erceptionInfluencesonVoterAttitudestowardPollsinthe2008U.S.PresidentialElection123RanWei,StellaC.ChiaandVen-HweiLo1SchoolofJournalism&MassCommunications,UniversityofSouthCarolinaColumbia,2SC,USA,DepartmentofMedia&Communication,CityUniversityof3HongKong,KowloonandSchoolofJournalism&Communication,C
3、hineseUniversityofHongKong,Shatin,HongKongDownloadedfromAbstractijpor.oxfordjournals.orgFocusingonthemilestone2008U.S.PresidentialElection,thisstudyexploreshowperceivedimpactofpollsisinfluencedbyone’ssocialcomparisongroupsandper-ceptionofmediahostility.Results,usingsurveydataof541respondents,show
4、thatrespondentsperceivedothersasmorevulnerablethanthemselvestotheinfluenceofelectionpolls.EventhoughallofthepublishedpollsconsistentlyindicatedObama’satKoreaUniversityLibraryonOctober12,2011lead,somesupportersofObamaandopponentsofMcCainreportedthatthepollswereinfavorofMcCain.Mostimportantly,theth
5、ird-personperceptionandtheperceivedpollbiaswerefoundtobeassociatedwithvoters’attitudestowardrestric-tionsonelectionpollsandtheirintentiontoengageincampaigndiscourse.Modernelectionsarecharacterizedbytheubiquityofpolls.The2008PresidentialElectionintheUnitedStateswasnoexception.Itwasprobablythemostp
6、olledelectioninhistorywithatotalof150nationalpolls(Bialik,2009).Theubiquitouselectionpollshavebecomeanintegralcomponentofcampaigncoverageinthenewsmedia(Rhee,1996;Traugott,1992).AlthoughpollinghasbecomeaninstitutionalizedfunctionandstellarcontentinnewsmediaintheUnitedStates,theAmericanpublicisambi
7、valentaboutelectionpolls.PastresearchsuggeststhatAmericans’ambivalentattitudestowardelectionpollsoriginatefromtwotypesofnegativeperceptionsofpolls.First,votersviewpollsashavingnoinfluenceonthemselves,buttheyfearothersm
