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1、echnoloTechnologyRailwayTechnologyToday7(EditedbyKanjiWako)BrakingSystemsIzumiHasegawaandSeigoUchidabrakingequipment,generallyusingeitherInanair-brakesystem,compressedairEarlyBrakesvacuumbrakesorairbrakes.Oftheseforcesapiston-drivenbrakeshoeagainsttwosystems,onlyairbrakesstillrem
2、ainthewheel.ThebrakeshoescanbemadeAllrollingstockhassomeformofbrak-inuse.fromanumberofdifferentsubstances,ingdevice,sothatitcandecelerateandGeorgeWestinghouse,anAmerican,includingcastironandsyntheticmaterials.stopwhennecessary.Thefirstcarswithinventedtheairbrake.InApril1869,heIns
3、omemodernsystems,thebrakingforceabrakingsystemwereapparentlysmallinvitedthepublictoatrialrunofaPenn-isnotapplieddirectlytothewheel.Fortrucksrunningonrailsinmines.ThesylvaniaRailroadtrainfittedwithhisairexample,inadiscbrakesystem,theforceminersusedalevertopushawoodblockbrakesystem
4、.Thetrainhadtomakeanisappliedbyclampingbrakecaliperstoagainstawheel.However,suchmanualemergencystoptoavoidhittingahorsebothsidesofaxle-mountedorwheel-devicesbecameinsufficientasthemasscarriagethathadstoppedonalevelmounteddiscs,therebystoppingtheandspeedofrollingstockincreased,soc
5、rossing.Thisfamousincidentensuredwheel.brakingsystemsusingmotivepowerwerethatallmajorrailwaysintheUSAwouldintroduced.adoptWestinghouse’snewairbrakeBrakingSystemsofJapaneseBythe1860s,expresstrainswereachiev-system.In1878,Westinghousepartici-Railwaysingspeedsofabout80km/hinEngland.
6、patedinafamousexperimentconductedButatthattime,brakeswerenotusedonbyGaltoninEngland.Duringthisexperi-Asteamlocomotivewithasteambrakeallcarsinatrain.Theenginedriverandment,atraintravellingat96km/hcamepulledthetrainonJapan’sfirstrailwayabrakemaninthelastpassengercartoacompletestopi
7、ntheamazinglyfromShimbashi(Tokyo)toYokohamagywouldeachapplyahandbrake,withtheshortdistanceofjust183m,arecordthatopenedin1872.Onlythelocomotive,driverusingthewhistletosignaltothestillstandstoday.Thetriplevalvethatwhichgeneratedthesteam,hadasteambrakemanwhenitwastimetobrake.ThisWes
8、tinghousedevelopedin1879forhisbrake(Fig.
