Structuring group-work in the classroom

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1、Structuringgroup-workintheclassroomWilliamLittlewoodwlittlewood9@gmail.com1Chineselearners:ThestereotypeTheyarereticentandquietinclass.TheyarereluctanttoparticipateinclassroomactivitiesandseldomanswerquestionsEveniftheyanswer,theygivebriefrepliesTheyseldominitiatequestionsTheyseldom

2、speakupabouttheiropinions(summarisedbyXie,2010)2Butstudents’expressattitudeswhichcontradictthisstereotypeInasurvey,MainlandChinesestudentsagreedstronglywiththesestatements:Ilikeactivitieswherethereisalotofdiscussionwithclassmatesinsmallgroups(ofbetween3and5students)(3.75,max.5)Ilikeact

3、ivitieswhereIampartofagroupinwhichweareallworkingtowardscommongoals(3.91)3Students’viewsoffactorsthatencourageparticipationCreateaninformalatmosphereintheclassroomGivealotofencouragingresponseswhenstudentsspeakandparticipateAskquestionsontopicsinwhichstudentshavesomeknowledge/interest

4、Makeexplicitthatstudentsareencouragedtospeakinclass.Allowstudentstoformgroupswithfriends.Givequestionsforstudentstodiscussingroupsforagroupanswer4StrategiesforencouragingparticipationPayspecialattentiontocreatinganinformalandsupportiveatmosphereGivealotofpositivefeedbackConsidercar

5、efullythestudents’interestsAllowtimeforstudentstoformulateanswersinclassExerciselesscontroloverthecontentoftheinteractioninclassdiscussionIncorporatesmall-groupdiscussionintoclassese.g.aspreparationforwhole-classdiscussionUse‘collaborativelearning’techniquesforstructuringclassroomint

6、eraction5PrinciplesofcollaborativelearningTasksarestructuredsothattheycanbedonebetterthroughcooperationthanindependentlyEachmemberdependsoneveryothermemberforsomeaspectofthetaskCompletingthetaskdependsonthesharingofinformationandideasStudentslearnandpractisetheskillsrequiredforcooper

7、ationStudentslearnthroughpurposefulcommunicationJigsawandExpertJigsawAtaskhasinterlockingsubtasksA,B,C,(perhapsD)(e.g.readingdifferenttexts,orthesametextstofinddifferentinformation,ordifferentkindsofinputortaskonatopic).Themembersofeach‘jigsawgroup’(StudentA,studentB,s