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1、SUBMISSIONTOIEEETRANSACTIONSONPATTERNANALYSISANDMACHINEINTELLIGENCE1PedestrianDetection:AnEvaluationoftheStateoftheArtPiotrDollar,ChristianWojek,BerntSchiele,andPietroPerona´Abstract—Pedestriandetectionisakeyproblemincomputervision,withseveralapplicationsthathavethepotentialto
2、positivelyimpactqualityoflife.Inrecentyears,thenumberofapproachestodetectingpedestriansinmonocularimageshasgrownsteadily.However,multipledatasetsandwidelyvaryingevaluationprotocolsareused,makingdirectcomparisonsdifficult.Toaddresstheseshortcomings,weperformanextensiveevaluation
3、ofthestateoftheartinaunifiedframework.Wemakethreeprimarycontributions:(1)weputtogetheralarge,well-annotatedandrealisticmonocularpedestriandetectiondatasetandstudythestatisticsofthesize,positionandocclusionpatternsofpedestriansinurbanscenes,(2)weproposearefinedper-frameevaluation
4、methodologythatallowsustocarryoutprobingandinformativecomparisons,includingmeasuringperformanceinrelationtoscaleandocclusion,and(3)weevaluatetheperformanceofsixteenpre-trainedstate-of-the-artdetectorsacrosssixdatasets.Ourstudyallowsustoassessthestateoftheartandprovidesaframewo
5、rkforgaugingfutureefforts.Ourexperimentsshowthatdespitesignificantprogress,performancestillhasmuchroomforimprovement.Inparticular,detectionisdisappointingatlowresolutionsandforpartiallyoccludedpedestrians.IndexTerms—pedestriandetection,objectdetection,benchmark,evaluation,datas
6、et,CaltechPedestrianDatasetF1INTRODUCTIONPeopleareamongthemostimportantcomponentsofamachine’senvironment,andendowingmachineswiththeabilitytointeractwithpeopleisoneofthemostinterestingandpotentiallyusefulchallengesformodernengineering.Detectingandtrackingpeopleisthusan(a)Caltec
7、h[3](b)Caltech-Japan[3]importantareaofresearch,andmachinevisionisboundtoplayakeyrole.Applicationsincluderobotics,enter-tainment,surveillance,carefortheelderlyanddisabled,andcontent-basedindexing.JustintheUS,nearly5,000ofthe35,000annualtrafficcrashfatalitiesinvolvepedes-trians[1
8、],hencetheconsiderableinterestinbuildingautomatedvisionsystem
