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1、Argumentation(2009)23:189–203DOI10.1007/s10503-008-9119-6Perspective-dependenceandCriticalThinkingHenrikBohlinPublishedonline:11October2008ÓSpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2008AbstractRecenttheoriesofcriticalthinkinghavestressedtheimportanceoftakingintoconsiderationincriticalen
2、quirytheperspectives,orpresuppositions,ofboththespeakerwhosestatementsareunderscrutinyandthecritichimself.Thepurposeofthepaperistoexplorethisideafromanepistemological(ratherthanapedagogicalorpsychological)pointofview.Theproblemisfirstplacedwithinthegeneralcontextofcriticalthinkin
3、gtheory.Threetypesofperspective-dependencearethendescribed,andtheconsequencesofeachforthepossibilityofcriticaldiscussiondiscussed.Itisconcludedthatalthoughitisessentialincriticaldiscus-siontotaketheother’sperspectiveintoconsideration,perspective-dependencedoesnotexcludethepossib
4、ilityofcriticism.KeywordsCriticalthinkingEpistemologyPerspectivesPresuppositionsObjectivityMaxKo¨lbelInanoverviewofcriticalthinkingtheory,KerryS.Walterscriticisesatraditional‘‘logicistic’’approachtocriticalthinkingfornottakingintoaccountthesubject-andcontext-dependenceofcla
5、imsandarguments,therebyobscuringfactorsthatareessentialforcriticalself-reflection(Walters1994a).Logicismdefinescriticalthinkingexclusivelyintermsoflogicalprinciplesandmethods,suchasinductiveanddeductivereasoning,fallacyrecognition,statisticalcalculation,evidenceassessment,andargum
6、entanalysis.Applyingthese,oneissupposedtofocusexclusivelyontheinferentialandevidentialstrengthsofarguments,irrespectiveofconsiderationsoftheirorigin,ideologicalinflection,andhistoricalsetting,andtothinkobjectivelybysuspendingasmuchaspossibleofone’spersonalconvictions,presuppositi
7、ons,andbiases.H.Bohlin(&)So¨derto¨rnsho¨gskola,PD201,14189Huddinge,Stockholm,Swedene-mail:Henrik.Bohlin@sh.se123190H.BohlinAccordingtoWaltersandotherthinkersinthe‘‘secondwave’’ofcriticalthinkingtheory,goodthinkingrequireslogicalskillsbutisnotexclusivelydefinedbythem;creativeimagi
8、nation,empathy,andself-reflectiveawarenessofone’
