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1、1069primerreprint11/29/012:41PMPage3AAS,GFAAS,ICPorICP-MS?WhichtechniqueshouldIuse?Anelementaryoverviewofelementalanalysis.1069primerreprint11/29/012:41PMPage4Starthere.Ifyourlaboratoryisperformingelementalanalysisonsolutions,thereareanumberofmature,effectivespectrometrictechniquesyoucoulduse,inc
2、ludingflameandfurnaceAA(AtomicAbsorption),ICP(InductivelyCoupledPlasma),andICP-MS(ICPMassSpectrometry).Selectingthemostappropriatetoolforthejobcansometimesappeartobeadauntingtask,especiallysincethereisconsiderableoverlapofcapabilities.Infact,allofthetechniquesmaybeabletoperformyourparticularanaly
3、sisatacceptablelevelsofaccuracyandprecision.However,byevaluatingtherelativestrengthsandweaknessesofeachofthetechniques,particularlyastheymayapplytothepracticalandperformancerequirementsofyouranalysis,itispossibletoestablisharationalbasisfordecisionmaking.Inotherwords,itneedn’tbeallthatdifficult.E
4、venifyou’renewtoelementalanalysis,thisbookletwillgetyouwellonyourwaytoselectingthebesttechnique(ortechniques)tomeetyourlab’sneeds.Understandinghoweachtechniqueworks.Whileitisn’tnecessarytograspallofthecomplextechnologicaldetailsofeachofthevariouselementalanalysisinstruments,forcomparisonpurposesi
5、tishelpfultohaveageneralunderstandingofbasicprinciples.Let’sstartatthebeginning,withatomicabsorption.21069primerreprint11/29/012:42PMPage5PercentRelativeStandardDeviation(%RSD)Short-termstabilityThestandarddeviationexpressedasapercentageofthetotal.Theabilityoftheinstrumenttoreadbackthevalueyouspe
6、cifiedasthevalueofthestandardafteronehour’sdrift,ppbusuallyaround2%.Anabbreviationforpartsperbillion.1partin1,000,000,000oronemicrogramperliter.SpectrometerMeter=tomeasure.Spectro=Spectrum.Foropticalspec-ppmtrometersthisisaseriesofcoloredbandsdispersedfromAnabbreviationforpartspermillion.1partin1
7、,000,000whitelightbymeansofarefractingmaterial(prism)orbyoronemilligramperliter.meansofadiffractivedevice(grating).Detectorscanbeplacedatexactlocationsinthespectrumtomeasurethepptpresenceofthedesiredelement.Anabbreviat
