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1、Demons,Dreamers,andMadmenThispageintentionallyleftblankDemons,Dreamers,andMadmenTheDefenseofReasoninDescartes’sMeditationsHarryG.FrankfurtForewordbyRebeccaGoldsteinCopyright≤2008byPrincetonUniversityPressPublishedbyPrincetonUniversityPress,41WilliamStreet,P
2、rinceton,NewJersey08540IntheUnitedKingdom:PrincetonUniversityPress,3MarketPlace,Woodstock,OxfordshireOX201SYAllRightsReservedOriginallypublished:IndianapolisandNewYork:Bobbs-MerrillCompany,Inc.,1970FirstPrincetonEdition,2008LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-Pu
3、blicationDataFrankfurt,HarryG.,1929–Demons,dreamers,andmadmen:thedefenseofreasoninDescartes’sMeditations/HarryG.Frankfurt;forewordbyRebeccaGoldstein.—1stPrincetoned.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN978-0-691-13415-4(hardcover:alk.paper)—IS
4、BN978-0-691-13416-1(pbk.:alk.paper)1.Descartes,Rene´,1596–1650.Meditationesdeprimaphilosophia.2.Reason.3.Firstphilosophy.I.Title.B1854.F72008194—dc222007012069BritishLibraryCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailableThisbookhasbeencomposedinAdobeCaslonProPrint
5、edonacid-freepaper.Ñpress.princeton.eduPrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica13579108642ContentsForewordbyRebeccaGoldsteinviiPrefacetothePrincetonEditionxiiiPrefacexviiOneTHEFIRSTMEDITATION1Introduction32TheGeneralOverthrowofBelief193TheCriterionofDoubt324ThePer
6、ceptionofthePhysicalWorld43viContents5TheStrategyoftheFirstMeditation606SimpleandUniversalThings757MathematicsintheFirstMeditation848MathematicsandtheOmnipotentDeceiver939Demons,Dreamers,andMadmen108TwoREASONANDITSVALIDATION10Sum12311Sumrescogitans15412Clea
7、randDistinctPerception17513ObjectionstoDescartes’sRuleofEvidence20014MemoryandDoubt21515TheValidationofReason23516TruthandReality:TheGalileoControversy250Index257ForewordRebeccaGoldsteinCertainphilosophersprovokeacharitablegeniusinread-ers,whowilllaborhardt
8、oproduceinterpretationsmax-imizingprofunditiesandminimizingfallacies.Descartesisnotoneofthesephilosophers.Thereissomethingabouthimthatinvitesfamiliarity,andweknowwhatthatbreeds.Whereastheseemingparalog
