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1、INTRODUCTIONInearlySeptember2001,worldtelevisionnewsviewerssawanunusualsight.AdelegationfromIndiahadcometotheUnitedNationsConferenceonRacisminDurban,SouthAfrica,nottojoinincondemnationsofWesterncountriesbuttocondemnIndiaanditstreatmentofitsDalits(oppressed),asIndiansbetterknownabr
2、oadas“untouchables”callthemselves.TheChairmanofIndia’sofficialbutindependentNationalHumanRightsCommissionthoughttheplightofone-sixthofIndia’spopulationwasworthyofinclusionintheconferenceagenda,buttheIndiangovernmentdidnotagree.India’sMinisterofStateforExternalAffairsstatedthatrais
3、ingtheissuewouldequate“casteismwithracism,which1makesIndiaaracistcountry,whichwearenot.”Discriminationagainstgroupsofcitizensongroundsofrace,religion,language,ornationaloriginhaslongbeenaproblemwithwhichsocietieshavegrappled.Religion,overtime,hasbeenafrequentissue,withcontinuingte
4、nsionsinNorthernIrelandandinBosniabeingbuttworecentandstillsmolderingexamples.Race-baseddiscriminationintheUnitedStateshasalonghistorybeginningwithevictionsofNativeAmericansbyEuropeancolonistseagerforlandandothernaturalresourcesandtheimportationofAfricanslavestoworktheland.Whileth
5、eframersoftheU.S.Constitutionpaperedoverslaveryin1787,itwasalreadyamoralissuetroublingnationalleaders,includingsomeSouthernslaveownerslikeWashingtonandJefferson.Onhislastpoliticalmission,theagingBenjaminFranklinlobbiedthefirstnewCongresstooutlawslavery.1“IndianGroupsRaiseCasteQues
6、tion,”BBCNews,September6,2001.AccessedFebruary27,2002.2JustweeksbeforetheConstitutionalConvention,thelastCongressoftheConfederationpassedtheNorthwestOrdinance.Itwas,inpart,asuccessfulefforttobar2slaveryb
7、ylawfromalargepartofthenewnation.FollowingtheCivilWar,threeamendmentswereaddedtotheU.S.Constitutiontoendslaveryandprotectcivillibertiesofallcitizensunderfederallaw.Congressestablishedandfundedagovernmentagency,theFreedmen’sBureau,tohelpbringformerslavesintothemainstreamofAmericanl
8、ife.YetwiththeendofReconstruction
