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1、MARKHUMPHRIESWar’sLongShadow:Masculinity,Medicine,andtheGenderedPoliticsofTrauma,1914–1939Abstract:Warisaninherentlytraumatizingexperience,andduringtheFirstWorldWarmorethan15,000Canadiansoldierswerediagnosedwithsomeformofwar-relatedpsychologicalwounds.Manymorewentunrecogn
2、ized.Yettheveryactofseekinganescapefromthebattlefieldorapplyingforapostwarpensionforpsychologicaltraumastransgressedmasculinenormsthatrequiredmentobeaggressive,self-reliant,andun-emotional.Usingnewlyavailablearchivalrecords,contemporarymedicalperiodicals,doctors’notes,andp
3、atientinterviewtranscripts,thispaperexaminestwocrisesthatarosefromthisconflictbetweenidealizedmasculinityandtheemotionalrealityofwartrauma.Thefirstcameonthebattle-fieldin1916when,insomecases,almosthalfthesoldiersevacuatedfromthefrontweresaidtobesufferingfromemotionalbreakdow
4、ns.Thesecondcamelater,duringtheGreatDepression,whenasignificantnumberofveteransbegantoseekcompen-sationfortheirpsychologicalinjuries.Inbothcrises,doctorsworkingintheserviceofthestateconstructedtraumaasevidenceofdeviance,inordertoparryalargerchallengetomasculineideals.Incre
5、atingthislinkbetweenwartraumaanddeviance,theyreinforcedaresidualconceptionofwelfarethatusedtestsofmoralsandmeanstodeterminewhowasdeservingorundeservingofstateassistance.AtatimewhentheCanadianwelfarestatewasbeingtransformedinresponsetotheneedsofveteransandtheirfamilies,doc
6、tors’denialthat‘realmen’couldlegitimatelyexhibitpsychosomaticsymptomsincombatmeantthatthousandsoflegitimatelytraumatizedveteranswereleftuncompensatedbythestateandwereconstructedasinferior,feminizedmen.Keywords:psychologicaltrauma,veterans,shellshock,WorldWar1914–1918,masc
7、ulinity,welfarestateRe´sume´:Laguerreestuneexpe´rienceprofonde´menttraumatisanteet,durantlaPremie`reGuerremondiale,onadiagnostique´chezplusde15000soldatscanadiensdiversesformesdeprobleˆmespsychologiqueslie´saucombat.Denombreuxautressoldatsn’ontpaseucettechance.Lesimplefai
8、tdecherchera`fuirlechampdebatailleoudedemanderunepensiond’apre`s-guerrepourdesse´quellespsycholo
