Hayek The Intellectuals and Socialism

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1、Cód.H008-11Rev.06-12-2001…continuaciónTema14:Hayekenpolítica117.TheintellectualsandsocialismInalldemocraticcountries,intheUnitedStatesevenmorethanelsewhere,astrongbeliefprevailsthattheinfluenceoftheintellectualsonpoliticsisnegligible.Thisisnodoubttrueofthepowerofintellectualstomaketheirpeculiaropin

2、ionsofthemomentinfluencedecisions,oftheextenttowhichtheycanswaythepopularvoteonquestionsonwhichtheydifferfromthecurrentviewsofthemasses.Yetoversomewhatlongerperiodstheyhaveprobablyneverexercisedsogreataninfluenceastheydotodayinthosecountries.Thispowertheywieldbyshapingpublicopinion.Inthelightofrece

3、nthistoryitissomewhatcuriousthatthisdecisivepoweroftheprofessionalsecondhanddealersinideasshouldnotyetbemoregenerallyrecognized.ThepoliticaldevelopmentoftheWesternworldduringthelasthundredyearsfurnishestheclearestdemonstration.Socialismhasneverandnowherebeenatfirstaworking-classmovement.Itisbynomea

4、nsanobviousremedyforanobviousevilwhichtheinterestsofthatclasswillnecessarilydemand.Itisaconstructionoftheorists,derivingfromcertaintendenciesofabstractthoughtwithwhichforalongtimeonlytheintellectualswerefamiliar;anditrequiredlongeffortsbytheintellectualsbeforetheworkingclassescouldbepersuadedtoadop

5、titastheirprogramme.Ineverycountrythathasmovedtowardssocialismthephaseofthedevelopmentinwhichsocialismbecomesadetermininginfluenceonpoliticshasbeenprecededformanyyearsbyaperiodduringwhichsocialistidealsgovernedthethinkingofthemoreactiveintellectuals.InGermanythisstagehadbeenreachedtowardstheendofth

6、elastcentury;inEnglandandFrance,aboutthetimeoftheFirstWorldWar.TothecasualobserveritwouldseemasiftheUnitedStateshadreachedthisphaseaftertheSecondWorldWaxandthattheattractionofaplannedanddirectedeconomicsystemisnowasstrongamongtheAmericanintellectualsasiteverwasamongtheirGermanorEnglishfellows.Exper

7、iencesuggeststhatoncethisphasehasbeenreacheditismerelyaquestionoftimeuntiltheviewsnowheldbytheintellectualsbecomethegoverningforceofpolitics.Thecharacteroftheprocessbywhichtheviewsoftheintellectualsinfluenc